Synthesis of KAl(SO4)2 Solid Coagulants from Used Pots and Beverage Cans

Elimination of bromate from water using aluminum beverage cans via catalytic reduction and adsorption

In this paper, the effects of process parameters on the recycling efficiency of used aluminium beverage cans (UBCs) were investigated. In the experimental studies, separated internal workshop scraps and used aluminium beverage cans are used as charge materials for melting process. Aluminium beverage cans are thin walled parts and produced with high Mg content aluminium alloys. Thus its high oxidation affinity reduces recycling efficiency of the cans. Used can pieces were pressed to obtain briquettes for charging. To increase the recycling efficiency and to optimize the process conditions, preheating, pre-charging, and fluxing were applied. The optimum parameters that provide the maximum recycling efficiency were determined. Chemical analyses and tensile tests were carried out with the resulting as cast samples.

Aluminium used in beverage containers or cans is a sustainable material and can be recycled repeatedly. In Malaysia, the activities of collecting aluminium beverage cans for recycle normally involve a process of compressing aluminium cans manually in order to reduce storage space. The cans compression process is very time consuming and unproductive. In addition, there is no standard aluminium cans compressor tool that available in the market currently. As such, this paper aims to identify users requirements on the potential tool that could be used to compress aluminium beverage cans, follows by transform the important users requirements to a set of design criteria for the development of aluminium cans compressor. In line with this, six important factors that influence users purchase decision on household product were identified from literature review. The important factors were adapted into a questionnaire to collect and identify users preferred requirements on aluminium cans compressor via Voice of Customer technique. Subsequently, Pareto analysis and t-test were applied to define the most important and significant users requirements that influenced user purchase decision. As a result, a list of important users requirements is generated, which is also served as the design criteria for the development of a new aluminium cans compressor. Finding from the paper suggested that the most important design criteria for the potential aluminium cans compressor are consisted of safety, cost, performance and reliability requirements.

Separation of oil-water emulsions by a novel packed bed electrocoagulation (EC) process using anode from recycled aluminum beverage cans

Aluminium beverage cans scrap recycling is expected to fulfil aluminium needs in Indonesia, reduce production cost, and pollution generated. Fluxing is one of the methods that can be used to reduce impurities in aluminium alloys such as magnesium, flux also can protect molten metal reacted with oxygen. In this research, aluminium beverage cans scrap used to consist of carbonated, isotonic, and refreshing beverage cans and NaCl+KCl as flux. The holding time of salt fluxing process was 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes and 5, 10 and 15% variation of flux mass from total scrap mass. Ingot from the recycling process tested to know the percentages of Mg reduction and acquisition of Al using XRF analysis and metallographic. The result showed that the highest percentage of Mg reduction was 77.83% on the addition of the sample of 15% flux for holding time 120 minutes, but Al reached 97.49% for holding time 240 minutes on same flux. On the addition of 10%, flux for holding time 180 minutes was reached 98.82% for yield, 71.84% for recovery, and recycling efficiency 70.53%.

This article investigates the mechanical properties of a laboratory-sized clamp fabricated from used aluminum beverage cans as part of effort to achieve a cleaner environment and add value. Used aluminum beverage cans, ferromanganese, and varied percentages of ferrosilicon (0.94%, 2.28%, 3.35%, and 4.82%) were synthesized by casting. The cast samples were then subjected to the clamp’s relevant functional mechanical properties test. The results of the tests show that the Al-4.82% Si specimen demonstrated the highest ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus. The wear resistance of the alloy also improved as the amount of silicon added increased. However, the total elongation decreased with an increase in the weight percentage of silicon due to an increase in the fraction of silicon particles present within the alloy matrix. The improved mechanical properties demonstrated by the aluminum-silicon alloy impact positively on the functionality of the three-prong extension clamp. This development has the potential of creating an immense boost in the global effort at achieving a cleaner environment.

Aluminium is one of raw materials that can be practically continuously recycled. Thanks to the proper sorting of aluminium scrap it is possible to produce precisely the same products that it was made before Selective waste collection and an extensive network of waste collection points have significant impact on the recovery level of used aluminium beverage cans. The purpose of the article was to analyse the results of surveys on aluminium segregation in Silesia voivodship. According to literature people are increasingly interested in environmental protection and what is happening with waste generated by them. But there is lack of information about people from different regions of Poland. From the research presented in the paper it can be concluded that people realize that used aluminium beverage cans become packaging waste which can be easily recycled so most of them segregate them in everyday life. This is the result of changes in the legislation on municipal waste and their segregation, as well as the element of environmental education.

This study focuses on the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of a porous material based on a mixture of powder (Volcanic ash /Aluminum Beverage Cans) and a solution of phosphoric acid. Volcanic ash (VA) use was collected in one of the quarries of Mandjo (Cameroon coastal region), crushed, then characterized by XRF, DRX, FTIR and named MaJ. The various polymers obtained are called MaJ0, MaJ2.5, MaJ5, MaJ7.5 and MaJ10 according to the mass content of the additions of the powder from the aluminum beverage cans (ABCs). The physical and mechanical properties of the synthetic products were evaluated by determining the apparent porosity, bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength. The results of this study show that the partial replacement of the powder of VA by that of ABC leads to a reduction in the compressive strength (5.9 - 0.8 MPa) and bulk density (2.56 – 1.32 g/cm3) of the polymers obtained. On the other hand, apparent porosity, water absorption and pore formation within the polymers increases with addition of the powder from the beverage cans. All of these results allow us to agree that the ABCs powder can be used as a blowing agent during the synthesis of phosphate inorganic polymers.

This study provides a chemical process that recycles waste aluminium cans to alum crystals that has plenty applications in industry today. The study was performed with concentrated acidic and alkaline solution containing principal components K+ and SO42- ions. It involved the dissolution of aluminium can in KOH solution, neutralization by H2SO4 solution and cooling crystallization to produce alum crystals. Emphasis was placed on the percentage yield of alum and recovery of aluminium from waste aluminium can to useful product. The result obtained the highest yield of 80% when 1.5M of KOH solution and 9M of H2SO4 solution were used with 5 g of aluminium beverage cans. When the concentration of KOH and H2SO4 solution was increased, the yield of alum production was also increased. It was found that the crystallization process was effective in recovering aluminium in the form of alum from waste aluminium beverage cans.

This study investigated the recycling of waste aluminium beverage cans into potash alum. The experimental procedure was carried out using concentrated H2SO4 and KOH solutions. The aluminium can pieces were dissolved in KOH solution. Then, the solution was reacted with H2SO4 solution and followed by crystallization in cold water. The results showed that the percentage yield of alum is 80% with 5 g of aluminium cans. The XRD, EDX and FTIR spectra of both commercial alum and prepared alum from experimental revealed that the two alums have essentially the same composition and have high purity.

A new method to recycle aluminium beverage cans is investigated. Alumina (Al2O3) powders with primary grain size of 10–15 nm were synthesised by the hydrolysis-condensation process of aluminium ethoxide precursors. Here, aluminium ethoxide was prepared through the reaction of the recycling aluminium beverage can with ethanol. The resultant hydrolysates of ethoxide are converted to α-alumina phase after calcined at 900°C for 2 h. An average particle diameter of 0.26 µm was observed by the scanning electron microscopy.

The circular economy is not only about resource scarcity and environmental impact, but also about economic benefit, therefore the success of circularity strategies should be assessed not only considering the environmental impacts, but also in terms of economic implications. This study considered two different aluminium beverage can systems: Bologna Metropolitan City Area and the Urban Area of Copenhagen. We performed a combined Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) of the purchasing, production and waste management of aluminium beverage cans in the two areas. Three main perspectives were considered for both LCA and ELCC: consumers, producers and waste management operators, with the aim to compare the environmental and economic performances of the two systems and to identify potential misalignment in the integrated LCA-ELCC analysis. The comparative analysis of aluminium cans production, use, collection and recycling in the two systems showed that the best option from an environmental point of view is also leading to higher costs. Therefore, the main learning is that trade-offs between environmental benefits and economic costs need to be considered in the assessment of circularity strategies.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a unique model for the production–recycling–reuse of aluminium refreshment cans. It is presumed that disposed-off 250-ml aluminium cans are collected from the retail outlet. The cans are thereafter arranged into non-tainted and tainted categories. Design/methodology/approach The current model considers all the factors, i.e. producing, recycling and remanufacturing, whereas the previous models provide emphasis only one factor. Six procedures were considered in the improvement of the mathematical model. Findings In this paper, a recycling–reuse model that remanufactures non-tainted aluminium beverage cans and uses regrind from damaged non-tainted aluminium beverage cans mixed with parent aluminium material in the production of new cans was developed and analysed to reduce the amount of aluminium beverage cans that are disposed off in a scrapyard. The model is assumed to have no shortcomings, and the different percentages regarding the classes of cans are taken to be deterministic. Originality/value The model incorporates several unique aspects, including accounting for the cost of land use and associated environmental damage through the calculation of a present value that is charged to the manufacturer.

A platform for continuous monitoring of the degradation of aluminum beverage can lids in realistic conditions through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

A strip caster was used to cast two types of aluminium alloys: an almost eutectic Al-Si alloy (Al 10 Si) with contaminants of 0.6 Fe, 0.2 Pb, and 1.4 Sn, which exhibits a polyphase microstructure upon solidification, and recycled aluminium beverage cans made from Al 0.8 Mn alloy containing 0.4 Si, 0.5 Fe, and 0.1 Mg, which has a monophase microstructure upon solidification. The molten materials were poured at 650 oC (Al 10 Si) and 670 oC (Al 0.8 Mn, 0.4 Si, 0.5 Fe, 0.1 Mg) on a cooling slope specially designed to obtain a semisolid material. This semisolid material was then dragged between rolls at a rate of 0.2 m/s to obtain high-quality metal strips. There was less eutectic modification with larger Al-α grains in the middle region of the sheet between the fine eutectic layers, indicating a lower cooling rate. However, during the recycling of aluminium beverage cans, large grains were formed with a columnar structure at the interface of the rolls, and semisolid melts with cracks were formed between the columnar grain boundaries owing to the compression of the rolls. The middle of these grains contained smaller equiaxial grains that were subjected to dragging. The as-cast specimens were submitted to homogenisation heat treatment at 560 oC for a period of 10 h and cooled to room temperature before being cold rolled (Temper H18) and recrystallised (Temper O) to examine the effect of these treatments on the tensile mechanical properties. During cold rolling (Temper H-18), grain alignment occurred with a yield stress, maximum stress, and elongation of 209.5 MPa, 210.1 MPa, and 2.8%, respectively. The strength decreased (yield stress of 58 MPa and maximum stress of 120.2 MPa) under recrystallisation conditions (Temper O), but the ductility increased (8.9%). This is in contrast to the Al-Si (Al 10Si) strip, which exhibited a yield stress, maximum stress, and elongation of 103.3 MPa, 128.7 MPa, and 1.9%, respectively. The A1 10Si strips also fractured during cold rolling, indicating high material fragility.