Abstract
Developing dental restorations with enhanced antibacterial properties has been a constant quest for materials scientists. The aim of this study was to synthesize silver doped calcium phosphate particles and use them to improve antibacterial properties of conventional glass ionomer cement. The Ag doped monetite (Ag-DCPA) and hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) were synthesized by precipitation method and characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The antibacterial properties of the cements aged for 1 day and 7 days were evaluated by direct contact measurement using staphylococcus epidermis Xen 43. Ion concentrations (F− and Ag+) and pH were measured to correlate to the results of the antibacterial study. The compressive strength of the cements was evaluated with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The glass ionomer cements containing silver doped hydroxyapatite or monetite showed improved antibacterial properties. Addition of silver doped hydroxyapatite or monetite did not change the pH and ion release of F−. Concentration of Ag+ was under the detection limit (0.001 mg/L) for all samples. Silver doped hydroxyapatite or monetite had no effect on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cement.
Highlights
Secondary caries is one of the most common reasons responsible for the replacement of dental restorations [1]
Some efforts have been made to improve the antibacterial properties of dental restorations, including incorporation of soluble/releasing antibacterial agents, polymerizable antibacterial components or inorganic fillers such as Ag and ZnO [4]
Polymerizable antibacterial components are only used in resin matrix and they only kill bacteria that come into contact with resin materials [4], while other antibacterial components such as ZnO and Ag appear to be cytotoxic [7, 8]
Summary
Secondary caries is one of the most common reasons responsible for the replacement of dental restorations [1]. Developing dental restorations with enhanced antibacterial properties has been a constant quest for materials scientists. Some efforts have been made to improve the antibacterial properties of dental restorations, including incorporation of soluble/releasing antibacterial agents, polymerizable antibacterial components or inorganic fillers such as Ag and ZnO [4]. Some of these methods are demonstrated effective in inhibiting bacteria, they show limitations due to their distinct disadvantages. Development of new antibacterial agents that can enhance the antibacterial properties of dental restorations without compromising their mechanical properties and biocompatibility still remains a big challenge
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