Abstract
Sago starch is one of the staple foods for human, especially in Asia’s Region. It can be produced via sago starch extraction process (SSEP). During the SSEP, several types of sago wastes are generated such as sago fiber (SF), sago bark (SB) and sago wastewater (SW). With the increase in production of existing factories and sago mills, the sago industrial practice in waste disposal management is gaining more attention, thus implementation of effective waste management is vital. One of the promising ways to have effective waste management is to create value out of the sago wastes. In a recent study, sago-based refinery, which is a facility to convert sago wastes into value-added products (e.g., bio-ethanol and energy) was found feasible. However, the conversion of other value added products from sago wastes while considering the environmental impact has not been considered in sago value chain. Therefore, an optimum sago value chain, which involved conversion activities of sago wastes into value-added products, is aimed to be synthesised in this work. The optimum sago value chain will be evaluated based on profit and carbon emissions using fuzzy-based optimisation approach via a commercial optimisation software, Lingo 16.0. To illustrate the the developed approach, an industrial case study has been solved in this work.
Highlights
Sago palm (Metroxylan Sagu) is one of the underutilised crops that can potentially produce staple food for human, especially in Asia’s Region
Based on the results on, the upper and lower fuzzy limits is coded into the model and solved via Lingo 16.0 in a Lenovo Ideapad 700 with Intel Core i7-6700HQ (2.6 GHz) and 8GB ram running on 64-bit operating system
This model can be used as an analysis tool that aids decision making in selecting the most optimal pathway for conversion of sago waste to value added product while considering the environmental and economic impacts
Summary
Sago palm (Metroxylan Sagu) is one of the underutilised crops that can potentially produce staple food for human, especially in Asia’s Region. The sago palm produces sago starch which contains high carbohydrates that can be obtained from the trunks of sago palm Such palm is an excellent crop for sustainable agriculture due to its ability to thrive in most soil conditions and it requires only one time planting that has the ability of self-sustain by producing its young tree, known as suckers or tillers [1]. It can be served as an income for poverty alleviation as it is commonly planted in rural areas [2].
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