Abstract
Abstract Cancer has become a leading cause of death worldwide, which is responsible for 7.6 million cancer deaths according to GLOBOCAN survey conducted in 2008. The exploration of cis -platin analogues (carboplatin, lobaplatin, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin) and their incorporation to the treatment of cancer patients has further led interest in exploring metal-based anticancer drugs. The current study describes the synthesis of two new tetra-coordinated mono- and tetranuclear organotin(IV) carboxylate complexes and their in vitro anticancer studies. Each one of the complexes ( 1–2 ) has been characterized by analytical (micro- and gravimetric analysis) and spectroscopic (FTIR, 1 H, 13 C, 119 Sn-NMR) techniques. Furthermore, molecular structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated using X-ray crystallography. The characterization data showed that the coordination took place via oxygen atoms from the carboxylate anions to generate 1 as an organodistannoxane dimer and 2 as a mononuclear complex. Exceptionally, the NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic study showed that acetone molecules also took part in crystallizing 2 . Both complexes were tested against three cancerous (colon cancer HCT 116, breast cancer MCF 7, leukemia K562) and one non-cancerous (3T3-L1) cell lines. Both complexes showed same IC 50 value (0.2 μM) against HCT 116, whereas for the other two cancer cell lines (MCF 7 and K562) and a normal cell line (3T3-L 1 ), 2 showed results better than 1 . Importantly, the complexes showed exceptional activity against MCF 7 and K562 cell lines and the IC 50 values were calculated in nanomoles (MCF 7, IC 50s = 86.5 and 53.4 nM; K 562, IC 50s = 22.9 and 49.6 nM for 1 and 2 , respectively). Both, 1 and 2 , showed IC 50 values many times better than the standard drugs (5-FU, Tamoxifen, betulinic acid and cis -platin) used. Compared to cancerous cell lines, the complexes showed mild toxicity against normal cells (3T3-L1). Overall, two remained relatively effective.
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