Abstract
This study evaluated the synthesis of low cost activated carbon adsorbent from waste bamboo culms collected at a construction site around Auchi Polytechnic, modified with environmentally friendly nitric acid for enhanced pore structures and improved adsorption versatility. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) and nickel adsorption. The FTIR result showed the characteristics O–H stretching of free hydroxyl and strong hydrogen bond group on the activated carbon surface. The BET surface area of the activated carbon displayed high specific surface area of 1.087 ×103 m2/g and 71.41% mesoporosity, despite the lower activation temperature of 600 oC. The maximum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon for nickel was 20.69 mmol/g. Freundlich isotherm model best explained the adsorption behavior, suggesting heterogeneous surface adsorption due to textural properties of the activated carbon or ionic interaction between nickel molecule and the functional groups. Nitric acid modified activated carbon is a promising adsorbent candidate for heavy metal removal. Keywords: Bamboo culms, nitric acid, adsorbent, modified, characteristics.
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