Abstract
TiO2-CaO and TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3 photocatalysts have been synthesized through the surfactant-assisted sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-ED Sand BET surface area. XRD pattern showed the formation of anatase TiO2 crystal phase both in TiO2-CaO and TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3. The TiO2-CaO has higher crystallinity than TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3. Based on the peak refinement using Rietveld, there are two peaks identified as Fe2O3 hematite in the sample TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3. BET surface area analysis showed that the average pore size of TiO2-CaO and TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3 catalysts are 8.04 and 8.41 nm respectively, indicating both catalysts are mesoporous.FTIR spectra show that the vibration of Ti-O, Ca-O, and Ca-TiO2 were observed in both catalysts. SEM images confirm that both catalysts are porous material. The catechol removal using TiO2-CaO and TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3 improved with the increase of catalyst concentration. After 360 minutes of UV radiation, the removal of catechol using TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3 reached 46.0%, 48.3%, and 69.2%, while when using TiO2-CaO, it reached 22.1%, 36.8%, and 57.0% for 0.1 g, 0.15 g, and 0.2 g of catalysts, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3 is not so strong compared to TiO2-CaO catalyst but the catechol adsorption property of TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3 is higher than that of TiO2-CaO catalyst.
Highlights
Titanium oxide (TiO2) is one of the most well-known materials for photocatalytic activity because TiO2 has low cost, high oxidizing ability and chemical stability, nontoxic and safety for environment characteristics (Cao et al, 2000; Tseng, Lin, Chen, & Chu, 2010)
Characterization of materials The structural characterization of TiO2-calcium oxide (CaO)-Fe2O3 and TiO2-CaO photocatalysts were carried out using Xray diffractometer (XRD) Empyrean with refinement using Rietveld analysis (Lutterotti & Scardi, 1990), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to see the particle size and the atomic composition, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) to see the atomic bonding vibration of catalysts, and Brunauer – Emmet – Teller (BET) surface area analyzer
Fe2O3 have been successfully synthesized through the sol-gel method
Summary
Titanium oxide (TiO2) is one of the most well-known materials for photocatalytic activity because TiO2 has low cost, high oxidizing ability and chemical stability, nontoxic and safety for environment characteristics (Cao et al, 2000; Tseng, Lin, Chen, & Chu, 2010). TiO2-CaO and TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3 catalysts were synthesized by surfactant-assisted Sol-gel method. Synthesis of Materials TiO2-CaO-Fe2O3 photocatalyst was synthesized by surfactant-assisted sol-gel method using a precursor of Titanium (IV) butoxide with molar ratio of Ti : Ca : Fe is 7 : 1 : 1.
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