Abstract
Composites of magnetite nanoparticles encapsulated with polymers attract interest for many applications, especially as theragnostic agents for magnetic hyperthermia, drug delivery, and magnetic resonance imaging. In this work, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation and encapsulated with different polymers (Eudragit S100, Pluronic F68, Maltodextrin, and surfactants) by nano spray drying technique, which can produce powders of nanoparticles from solutions or suspensions. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy images showed that the bare magnetite nanoparticles have 10.5 nm, and after encapsulation, the particles have approximately 1 μm, with size and shape depending on the material’s composition. The values of magnetic saturation by SQUID magnetometry and mass residues by thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the magnetic content in the materials, related to their magnetite/polymer ratios. Zero-field-cooling and field-cooling (ZFC/FC) measurements showed how blocking temperatures of the powders of the composites are lower than that of bare magnetite, possibly due to lower magnetic coupling, being an interesting system to study magnetic interactions of nanoparticles. Furthermore, studies of cytotoxic effect, hydrodynamic size, and heating capacity for hyperthermia (according to the application of an alternate magnetic field) show that these composites could be applied as a theragnostic material for a non-invasive administration such as nasal.
Highlights
Theragnostic materials emerge as powerful tools for medicine, taking advantage of the properties of nanostructures to provide therapeutic and diagnostic functions to act in specific targets of the organism [1,2]
Magnetic hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment based on the heat generated by Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) under an alternate magnetic field, to increase the local temperature to 42–46 ◦C, which induces the death of tumor cells [3,8]
Particle size and morphology were verified by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), using a JEOL JEM2100 microscope (Peabody, MA, USA) operating at 200 kV, and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), using a FEI Quanta 3D high resolution microscope SEM-FEG (Hillsboro, OR, USA)
Summary
Theragnostic materials emerge as powerful tools for medicine, taking advantage of the properties of nanostructures to provide therapeutic and diagnostic functions to act in specific targets of the organism [1,2]. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) of magnetite or maghemite are good examples of building blocks to produce materials with theragnostic capacities They present adequate biocompatibility and magnetic properties to be used for numerous in vivo applications, such as hyperthermia to treat cancer [3], drug delivery by magnetic targeting [4], and contrast agents for the diagnosis of diseases by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [5], and for other purposes, such as detoxification of liquids, cell separation [6], and sensing systems [7]. The technique enables the production of submicron particles by exploring a piezoelectric driven vibrating mesh atomizer that creates tiny droplets smaller than in classical spray dryers and their collection through a high-efficiency electrostatic dry powder collector With this strategy, the aim was to propose a versatile protocol to produce nanostructured magnetic composites for biomedical applications, focusing on magnetic hyperthermia
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