Synthesis and characterization of Azo-Azomethine derivatives bearing thiazole moiety: In vitro antimicrobial, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity assessment, accompanied by computational molecular docking, RDG, ELF, DFT, and MEP analysis

Abstract

In this study, a novel series of Azo-azomethine derivatives incorporating thiazole moieties (5a-h) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized using NMR (1H and 13C), FT-IR spectroscopy, and ESI-MS methods. The synthesized compounds underwent screening for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory (both in vitro and in vivo), and cytotoxic activities. Notably, compound 5d exhibited significant activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 20 μg/L. Additionally, compound 5d demonstrated the most potent anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro (84.72%) and in vivo. Furthermore, molecular analyses including RDG, ELF, DFT, and MEP were conducted to investigate molecular interactions, electron distribution, electronic configuration, and electrostatic potential, thus facilitating a deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics and aiding in the refinement and design of these molecules. Moreover, the compounds' efficacy against bacterial proteins was assessed through molecular docking calculations. Utilizing the PASS and pkCSM platforms, an examination of the compounds' bioactivity regulation and physicochemical attributes was conducted, highlighting their potential as prospective novel active agents.