Synthesis and application of the methyl analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine

Abstract

Methylation plays a vital role in biological systems. SAM (S-adenosyl-L-methionine), an abundant cofactor in life, acts as a methyl donor in most biological methylation reactions. SAM-dependent methyltransferases (MTase) transfer a methyl group from SAM to substrates, thereby altering their physicochemical properties or biological activities. In recent years, many SAM analogues with alternative methyl substituents have been synthesized and applied to methyltransferases that specifically transfer different groups to the substrates. These include functional groups for labeling experiments and novel alkyl modifications. This review summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis and application of SAM methyl analogues and prospects for future research directions in this field.