Synergistic Utilization of Industrial, Agricultural, and Plastic Wastes in Brick Production Through Statistical Modeling

Bagasse ash (BA), the residue obtained after the burning of sugarcane bagasse as a fuel, has pozzolanic properties with potential use as a supplementary binding material (SCM). Use of Bagasse ash (BA) as a mineral admixture needs to be established, especially in India, where sugarcane cultivation is widespread, to reduce land required for its disposal and cement consumption in construction industry. Hence, to encourage commercial use ofBA with minimum processing, an evaluation of the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of a locally available BA and its effect, as SCM on properties of structural concrete was taken up.This research work describes the feasibility of using the Fly Ash (FA) Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash(SCBA) waste in concrete production as a partial replacement of cement. This present work deals with the effect on strength and mechanical properties of concrete using Triple blending of cement concrete using FA, RHA and SCBA instead of cement. The cement has been replaced by rice husk ash, accordingly in the range with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight. Concrete mixture of M20 and M25 and M30, were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive strengths with the Conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for the test results of7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days for Compressive strengths and Tensile & Flexural Strengths at 28 days. The durability aspect of the samples for Acid attack, Alkaline attack and Sulphate attack was also tested. The result indicates that the FA, RHA and SCBA improve the Compressive Strength and durability of concrete.

Disposal of waste materials in fertile land is one of the pressing environmental issues, disrupting human, animal, and plant life. This has led the researchers to process and use such waste in ecofriendly construction products like mortar and concrete. Their usage as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) would reduce the quantity of cement used in the manufacturing of cement-based materials, lowering CO2 emissions related with cement production. In this regard, this study examines the feasibility of replacing high-volume of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in engineered cementitious composites (ECC) with two widely used waste materials, sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and fly ash (FA) as SCMs. Five different mixes were produced, each containing a fixed amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers at a dosage of 1.5 % by volume of the mix and a constant cement content of 50 % by weight of the binder (OPC + FA + SCBA). However, FA was replaced with SCBA in these mixes up to 100 % by the combined weight of the waste materials (FA + SCBA) in increments of 25 % (i.e., FA100-SCBA0, FA75-SCBA25, FA50-SCBA50, FA25-SCBA75, and FA0-SCBA100). The results showed that the compressive strength and flexural strength of the composites with the increasing levels of SCBA were reduced. Interestingly, the 28-day compressive strength of composite incorporating 50 % FA and 50 % SCBA was still as high as 25.58 MPa, which satisfied the minimum compressive strength requirement of ASTM C270, making the newly produced ECC suitable for use in normal construction works and repairs. The same optimum mix (FA50-SCBA50) produced an average density of 1867.96 kg/m3 as a result of substituting a significant amount of binder with SCBA, demonstrating that it has evolved into a lightweight engineered cementitious composite. Furthermore, the ultrasonic pulse velocity of the mixes decreased whereas water absorption increased as the proportion of SCBA to FA increased. According to microstructural analysis, unreacted SCBA particles were mostly responsible for the detrimental effects of rising SCBA levels on properties of ECC. Based on the aforementioned results, this research concludes that sugarcane bagasse ash, when combined with fly ash, could be a viable alternative for replacing regular cement up to 50 % by weight in the production of cost-effective and environmentally friendly cementitious composites.

Pozzolonic activity and strength activity index of bagasse ash and fly ash blended cement mortar

Effect of mineral admixtures on fresh, mechanical and durability properties of RAP inclusive concrete

The sugar industry produces a huge quantity of sugar cane bagasse ash in India. Dumping massive quantities of waste in a non-eco-friendly manner is a key concern for developing nations. The main focus of this study is the development of a sustainable geomaterial composite with higher strength capabilities (compressive and flexural). To develop this composite, sugarcane bagasse ash (SA), glass fiber (GF), and blast furnace slag (BF) are used. Ash generated from burning sugar cane in the sugar industry is known as sugar cane bagasse. To check the suitability of this secondary waste for use in civil engineering and to minimize risk to the environment in the development of sustainable growth, a sequence of compressive and flexural strength tests was performed on materials prepared using sugar cane bagasse ash (SA) reinforced by glass fiber (GF) in combination with blast furnace slag (BF) and cement (CEM). The effects of the mix ratios of glass fiber to bagasse ash (0.2%–1.2%), blast furnace slag to the weight of bagasse ash (10%), cement binding to bagasse ash (10%–20%), and water to sugar cane bagasse ash (55%) regarding the flexural strength, compressive strength, density, tangent modulus, stress–strain pattern, and load–deflection curve of the prepared materials were studied. According to the findings, compressive strength achieved a maximum strength of 1055.5 kPa and ranged from 120 to 1055.5 kPa, and the flexural strength achieved a maximum strength of 217 kPa and ranged from 80.1 to 217 kPa at different mix ratio percentages. The value of the initial tangent modulus for the cube specimens ranged between 96 and 636 MPa. For compression specimens with 20% cement, the density decreased from 1320.1 to 1265 kg/m3, and the flexural strength decreased from 1318 to 1259.6 kg/m3. With limitation in lower percentages of C/SA, the specimen cannot sustain its shape even after curing period. In comparing the previous research with the present experimental work, it was observed that the material proposed here is lightweight and can be utilised as a filler substance in weak compressible soils to improve their load-bearing capacity.

Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), a by-product from sugar industry, has been evidently reported as a potential alternative cementitious material that can partially replace cement. In spite of its high valorization potential in cement production, the large quantity of bagasse ash generated from Indian sugar plants (44,220 tonnes/day) is entirely unutilized and disposed as waste. Lack of comprehensive SCBA availability and accessibility studies are the major deterrents for the effective utilization of SCBA in industrial scale applications. This study investigated the availability of bagasse ash, fly ash, and slag in India, and their accessibility to existing cement plants. A comparative network analysis using ArcGIS was adopted, to assess the benefits of using bagasse ash in cement plants. Bagasse ash was found to be a potentially viable supplementary cementitious material in three out of the five major sugar-producing states of India. It is shown that switching over to bagasse ash results in significant reduction of carbon emissions associated with logistics (5.41 million tonnes/year). Strategic locations for new cement plants were identified based on availability of bagasse ash, using location-allocation analysis. A practical framework has also been presented for the effective utilization and recycling of sugar industry wastes in the construction sector.

Sugarcane bagasse ash is an abundantly available waste material from sugar plants in India. Even though the beneficial properties of bagasse ash as a cement replacement material have been reported in several studies, its large-scale utilization in Indian cement plants is not yet achieved. This is partly due to a lack of proper quantification of the available sugarcane bagasse ash and its accessibility from sugar plants to the existing cement plants. A detailed sugarcane bagasse ash availability database in the five major sugar-producing states and their precise geographical distribution have been presented in this study. The proximity of the bagasse ash sources to existing cement plants in these five states is quantified using a GIS-based network analysis approach. Additionally, the accessibility of bagasse ash is compared with currently used fly ash and slag. Results from the study show that the probability of finding a bagasse ash source at near distances from cement plants is higher than the probability of having fly ash or slag sources in three out of the five states considered in the study.

Exploratory study on the effect of waste rice husk and sugarcane bagasse ashes in burnt clay bricks

Assessing the mechanical properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) concrete is essential for improving its strength and durability while ensuring its viability as a sustainable building material. This study focuses on optimizing SCBA concrete by partially replacing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), thereby minimizing carbon emissions and maximizing resource efficiency in construction. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD), the effects of varying mix proportions on compressive and flexural strength were evaluated. Experimental findings demonstrate that SCBA significantly improves concrete performance at an optimal dosage, with 2.22% SCBA, 13.33% OPC, 37.78% fine aggregates, and 46.67% coarse aggregates yielding the highest compressive strength of 29.34 MPa. Similarly, a mix of 2.04% SCBA, 20.41% OPC, 34.69% fine aggregates, and 42.86% coarse aggregates produced the maximum flexural strength of 7.98 MPa. However, an excessive SCBA content decreased compressive strength to 18.75 MPa and flexural strength to 3.15 MPa, highlighting the negative impact of higher ash content. The developed quadratic model, validated through analysis of variance (ANOVA), achieved high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.9202 for compressive strength and R2 = 0.9212 for flexural strength), confirming its reliability. The optimized response surface factor levels ratio of 0.25:0.039:0.425:0.525 for cement, SCBA, fine and coarse aggregates respectively was generated using desirability function, which led to maximized compressive strength of 28.582 MPa and flexural strength of 7.912 MPa. Additionally, a Student’s t-test (p-value = 1.0) verified no statistically significant difference between experimental and predicted values, ensuring model dependability. These findings offer a practical framework for optimizing SCBA-blended concrete, balancing strength and sustainability, and supporting its wider application in eco-friendly construction.

Sugar cane bagasse ash as a pozzolanic admixture in concrete for resistance to sustained elevated temperatures

Evaluation of mechanical properties of concrete manufactured with fly ash, bagasse ash and banana fibre

Nowadays low calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete can be replaced with cement-based concrete to avoid the adverse effect of manufacturing cement on the environment. Utilization of geopolymer concrete instead of traditional concrete using low calcium fly ash and nano silica reduces a significant amount of CO­2 emission towards the atmosphere. However, the performance of geopolymer concrete is less than that of Portland cement concrete. To improve the performance of geopolymer concrete nano silica was used in the present study. In this work, geopolymer concrete was made utilizing fly ash, ground granular blast furnace slag (GGBS), and sugarcane bagasse ash. In the first instance, binary combinations i.e. fly ash and GGBS were employed as cementitious materials for the production of geopolymer concrete. In the second instance, a ternary mixture of pozzolanic material was prepared by taking 25% GGBS, 65% Fly ash, and 10% bagasse ash. In the third instance, varying percentages of nanoparticles were used for the above ternary mixture. The mechanical and durability properties of the geopolymer composite that was made earlier were tested. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of geopolymer composites were assessed for mechanical properties and a rapid chloride permeability test, water absorption test, and acid attack test were done to know about the porosity of concrete. Results showed that, with a dose of 4% nanoparticles, the durability and strength properties of the concrete had improved the most. The GCBA-N4 mixture had the highest split tensile and compressive strength was measured to be 2.91 MPa and 41.33 MPa and the rapid chloride permeability test, water absorption rate, and percentage of mass loss due to sulfate attack were found as a minimum for GCBA-N4 specimen.

Geopolymers are synthesized through the reaction between alkaline activator solutions and aluminosilicate-rich precursors, offering an alternative to Portland cement for sustainable construction. Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), an agricultural byproduct rich in SiO2, presents potential for incorporation into fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer systems. While SCBA has been explored for environmental benefits, limited studies have evaluated the combined influence of SCBA and alkaline activator solutions on hardening behavior. This study investigated the effects of SCBA content (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% by mass), NaOH concentration (8M, 12M, 16M), and liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio (0.2, 0.4, 0.6) using 36 geopolymer paste mixtures. SCBA was processed by drying, sieving to 149 µm, and calcining at 700 °C for 2 hours. Specimens were cured at 90°C for 24 hours, followed by ambient curing. Bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption, compressive strength, and shrinkage were evaluated. Results showed that SCBA content and L/S ratio strongly affected compressive strength and shrinkage. The mixture containing 10% SCBA, NaOH 12M, and L/S = 0.4 achieved the highest compressive strength (47.65 MPa at 90 days), along with reduced porosity and water absorption. In contrast, SCBA replacement above 20% resulted in decreased strength and increased shrinkage. The results indicate the potential of SCBA as a partial FA replacement to promote sustainable construction materials.

Concrete is an absolutely effective and essential construction material used all over the world because of it advantageous properties. But the increase in cost of cement and environmental pollution caused by cement manufacturing not only increase the cost of construction but also poses a serious threat to the environment. The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste produced by their processes has been used reduce waste for making economic, environmental, and technical concrete construction. Cement concrete having its self-limitations that are weak in tension, has limited amount ductility and is little resistance for cracking. The entire construction industry is in search of suitable and effective alternative SCM Of late, it is identified that some industrial waste products like Rise Husk ash, Fly ash, GGBS, Bagasse ash, silica fume etc. which are the byproduct of industries etc. are having some siliceous and cementations properties which is more advantageous to increases some of the properties of concrete as well as effective in reducing the cost of construction. In this paper, Bagasse ash has been partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of cement in concrete. slump cone test were undertaken as well as hardened concrete tests like compressive strength for 7 and 28 days was obtained. The result shows that the compressive strength, water absorption and sorptivity results improves as cement is replaced by bagasse ash. Keywords : Pozzolanic material, Bagasse ash, ‘B’ASH Concrete, Strength properties. Cite this Article Shelke Mohini R. ‘B’ash Concrete: Partial Replacement of Cement with Bagasse Ash. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2017; 7(3): 17–24p.

The characterization of blending hydrogel biochar derived from sugar can bagasse (SB) biomass and fly ash (FA) potential as adsorbing heavy metal and hazardous gas has been studied. A new method has invented to produced adsorbent by blending biomass (SB) and Fly Ash (FA) and polymerized to become Hydrogel Biochar. The preparation of the blending hydrogel biochar is done by three steps, first step is sugar cane bagasse biomass (SB) are pyrolysed and heated from room temperature to 550°C at 10°C/min under the Nitrogen flow. The next step is, Pyrolysed SB which called biochar has been washed with 1.0M of HCl. After washing step, the blending step will take over which is then mixed fly ash and formed the blending hydrogel biochar with polymers; Acrylamide (AAm), N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulfate (APS). The characteristics of the best blending ratio of hydrogel biochar was analysed by using Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The result shows that, the best ratio for blending hydrogel biochar is 0.2:0.8 of sugarcane bagasse and fly ash. This is because, even the carbon content of 0.2:0.8 of sugarcane bagasse and fly ash is low which is 7.53% but is has the highest pore volume distribution compared to the others ratio with 0.00063 cm3/g. FESEM images also show that Both hydrogel is suitable source of blending since the pore size is vary and can be function as a good adsorbent.