Abstract
Some traditional methods for reducing trihalomethane concentrations in finished water may be less effective or inappropriate for direct filtration water treatment systems. Reduced prefiltration hydraulic detention times and mass solid loading considerations affect the use of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) in direct filtration systems. KMnO 4 and PAC were investigated both individually and in combination to determine the effectiveness in reducing maximum total trihalomethane potential (MTP). The effectiveness of the chemicals was evaluated by using jar tests and/or a 23,850 l d −1 direct filtration pilot plant. The results indicated that permanganate oxidation of THM precursors to reduce MTP was ineffective at low concentrations (< 1 mg l −1) and prefiltration contact times (< 1 h) typical of direct filtration systems. PAC (30 mg l −1) adsorption of THM precursors reduced MTP by 10–26%, however, the time of pilot filter run length was reduced by 40%. Combined use of permanganate (2 mg l −1) and PAC allowed effective control of excess residual permanganate ion and exhibited a synergistic effect by reducing MTP up to 35%, which was a greater reduction than achieved by either compound individually.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
