Synergistic effects of Core@Shell (CZTS@CZTSe) on photovoltaic & photocathode applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology has undergone significant advancements attributable to the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), reflecting the collaborative endeavours of numerous researchers. This investigation contributes to the field by fabricating core–shell (Csh) NPs composed of CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4)-CZTSe(Cu2ZnSn(SSe)4), exhibiting potential applications as photocatalysts for water treatment and photocathodes for solar cells. Utilizing the innovative “Hot-Injection” method in NP synthesis represents a noteworthy breakthrough, facilitating a reduction in reaction time and enabling precise control over morphology. Characterization employing diverse techniques has unveiled noteworthy structural and electrochemical properties. This includes the identification of a Kesterite phase with varying S and Se ratios, as well as binary/ternary phases influencing purity. UV–vis absorbance spectroscopy has provided insights into electronic properties, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has indicated the low charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the CZTS80Se20 core–shell structure, positioning it as a prime candidate for application procedures. Photocatalytic efficiency assessment involved subjecting the NPs to Methylene blue dye under visible light, resulting in a maximum efficiency of 99.9% within a certain range of catalyst concentrations. This study also demonstrated the NP’s suitability as absorber layers of optimal thickness in solar cells, deposited through the Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) technique. Linear and symmetric I-V response results indicate the ohmic nature of the contacts. This research represents a significant stride forward, unveiling promising prospects for the utilisation of core–shell CZTS-CZTSe NPs across.