Abstract
Consumption of soybean products has been implicated in the prevention of breast cancer. This study provides insights into the anti-proliferative activity of 12 anticarcinogens from soybean by single or two-way combination treatment against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Results showed that genistein, daidzein, glycitein, genistin and dainzin showed stronger anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with EC50 values of 66.98 ± 4.87 μM, 130.14 ± 2.10 μM, 190.67 ± 5.65 μM, 72.82 ± 2.66 μM and 179.21 ± 6.37 μM, respectively. There is a synergistic effect of combination treatment of genistin plus daidzin in MCF-7 cells with combination index at inhibition of 50% (CI50) of 0.89 ± 0.12. Genistein, glycitein, genistin and β-sitosterol were demonstrated to have a stronger anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with EC50 values of 93.75 ± 5.15 μM, 142.67 ± 5.88 μM, 127.82 ± 4.70 μM and 196.28 ± 4.45 μM. The synergistic effect was observed in the mixture of genistein plus genistin, genistein plus β-sitosterol or β-sitosterol plus genistin with CI50 values of 0.56 ± 0.13, 0.54 ± 0.20 and 0.45 ± 0.12, respectively. These bioactive anticarcinogens were able to inhibit invasion and migration of breast cancer cells and the combination treatments enhanced the inhibitory effect. Regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTORpathway seems to be the main mechanisms involved in the anticancer activity.
Highlights
Epidemiological evidence suggests that an increased consumption of soybean food is associated with a decreased cancer risk [1]
Results of the present study showed that single treatments with daidzin, birk trypsin inhibitor (BBI), equol, lectin and lunasin at concentrations less or equal than 200 μM showed no significant inhibition effects on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation
EC50 values (Figure 2b) of 93.75 ± 5.15 μM, 142.67 ± 5.88 μM, 127.82 ± 4.70 μM and 196.28 ± 4.45 μM, respectively. These results suggested that MCF-7 cells were more sensitive to anticarcinogens from soybean than MDA-MB-231 cells
Summary
Epidemiological evidence suggests that an increased consumption of soybean food is associated with a decreased cancer risk [1]. Soybean food has been recommended in cancer prevention for a number of anticarcinogens exist in it. A family of nonnutritive compounds, were demonstrated to be associated with modulation of a variety of biological processes in carcinogenesis [2]. Equol, derived from isoflavones by the action of gut microflora, was reported to inhibit cancer cell growth and invasion with higher bioavailability [3]. Phytosterols are plant sterols chemically similar to cholesterol but exclusively in plants, legumes. Awad et al [4]
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