Abstract
PurposeThe research goal is to develop dietary strategies to help address the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study has investigated the effectiveness of green banana resistant starch (GBRS) and probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores for the amelioration of dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.MethodsEight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed standard rodent chow diet supplemented with either B. coagulans, GBRS or its synbiotic combination. After 7 days supplementation, colitis was induced by adding 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days while continuing the supplemented diets. Animal health was monitored and after 14 days all animals were sacrificed to measure the biochemical and histochemical changes associated with each supplement type.ResultsThe disease activity index and histological damage score for DSS-control mice (6.1, 17.1, respectively) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the healthy mice. Synbiotic supplementation alleviated these markers (− 67%, − 94% respectively) more adequately than B. coagulans (− 52%, − 58% respectively) or GBRS (− 57%, − 26%, respectively) alone. Compared to DSS-control synbiotic supplementation significantly (p < 0.0001) maintained expressions of tight junction proteins. Moreover, synbiotic effects accounted for ~ 40% suppression of IL-1β and ~ 29% increase in IL-10 levels in serum while also reducing C-reactive protein (− 37%) compared to that of the DSS-control. While, B. coagulans alone could not induce additional levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production beyond the caecum, the synbiotic combination with GBRS resulted in substantial increased SCFA levels across the whole length of the colon.ConclusionThe synbiotic supplementation with B. coagulans and GBRS ameliorated the overall inflammatory status of the experimental IBD model via synergistic functioning. This supports researching its application in mitigating inflammation in human IBD.
Highlights
The full pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), still remains unclear
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of pre-conditioning the gut, using a diet supplemented with B. coagulans spores and green banana resistant starch (GBRS), on ameliorating the severity of colitis in mice
The research has highlighted a substantial efficacy of a synbiotic supplementation of GBRS with B. coagulans spores in reducing the clinical manifestations and severity of DSSinduced colitis in a mouse model
Summary
The full pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), still remains unclear. As diet is a major factor influencing the enteric microflora, numerous research projects have, considered the role of specific nutrients in the development of IBD. It is implicated in leading to gut dysbiosis that further aggravates gut inflammation. In this regard, prebiotic dietary fibres and probiotics are considered as critical components of dietary improvements in the context of IBD. Both are bioactive agents that function to suppress inflammation via a number of proposed mechanisms [5,6,7]. Various probiotic and prebiotic agents are being increasingly explored to treat or prevent IBD in humans [7,8,9]
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