Symptoms of the Self: Tuberculosis and the Making of the Modern Stage

Reviewed by: Atlas modernizatsii Rossii i ee regionov: Sotsioekonomicheskie i sotsiokul'turnye tendentsii i problemy ed. by N. I. Lapin Rimma Tangalycheva (bio) N. I. Lapin, ed. Atlas modernizatsii Rossii i ee regionov: Sotsioekonomicheskie i sotsiokul'turnye tendentsii i problemy. 360 pp. Moscow: Ves Mir, 2016. ISBN 978-5-7777-0664-5. The work reviewed here represents an attempt to gain an understanding of new tendencies in the modernization of contemporary Russia and its regions. The authors' main focus is on the processes of the primary industrial stage of development in Russia and the transition to the secondary information stage. The authors aim to show the hierarchical differentiation of Russian federal subjects and federal districts in terms of modernization and to elicit contradictory tendencies in the regions' evolution. The significance of this research lies in its implications for the modernization program outlined by Dmitrii Medvedev in 2009. According to the authors' analysis, this program never resulted in the scientific development of a modernization strategy in Russia, let alone its practical implementation and regulation. The introductory section demonstrates the theoretical and methodological basis of their research, namely the concept of modernization as a civilizational process, and outlines the sociocultural challenges that Russian modernization has to tackle. In the following seven chapters, the authors consider processes, tendencies, and issues of modernization implemented between 2000 and 2012 in seven Russian federal districts. The authors connect Russian modernization processes with global development patterns. According to their data, approximately 90 developing countries are in the industrial stage of modernization and approximately 40 developed countries are in the informational stage, which points to the existence of multiple modernization processes. In a number of countries, including Russia, both stages of modernization are being implemented at the same time, with one type prevailing over the other in different parts of the country, thus indicating uneven modernization patterns in different regions. The novelty of the book is to be found in the authors' analysis of these uneven modernization processes in different parts of Russia. As this area of research is undeveloped, the Russian academy, the authors of this volume, follow the approach developed by the Center for Modernization Studies of the Academy of Sciences of China.1 Doing so enables the use of annual modernization indices in 130 countries with populations over one million (including the Russian Federation). Analyzing these indices reveals a great imbalance between Russian regions in the primary industrial and secondary information [End Page 135] stages of modernization—one that is two-and-a-half times as large as in other countries. In reaching this conclusion, the authors analyze a number of elements of modernization, including: • Technical and technological (indicators of transition to a new technological mode, which is becoming the main source of gross domestic income [GDI] in the country and in the regions, or a new resource for competitive development among other societies and states); • Socioeconomic (the growth of GDI per capita, the change in proportions of the main economic sectors, and human rights protection, excess of educational expenses, healthcare, and pension coverage); • Sociocultural (the human dimensions of fundamental human rights associated with working conditions, the level and quality of life of the people). • Institutional and regulatory (democratization of the state and political life of society, its judicial and legal institutions, ensuring the activity of civil society, counteracting the redundancy of bureaucratic control studies, and the number of officials engaged in the creation and implementation of these procedures). According to the authors of the book, between 2000 and 2012, the quality of modernization improved in all federal districts. At the same time, they note that only the former hierarchy of modernization has been modified. On the one end, the Central Federal District, including Moscow and the greater Moscow region, is considered to be developing dynamically. On the other, the Southern and North-Caucasian Federal Districts have risen from a low state to merely below average. The Volga, Siberian, and Far Eastern FDs were higher in terms of their secondary modernization levels. Regardless, all federal districts were at the stage of secondary modernization. At the same time, the Central Federal District rose above the Northwest Federal District, while the Ural Federal District still lags behind...

integrated information and telecommunication systems operate subsystems with their own systems of access differentiation. At the stage of subsystems modernization there is a possibility to change the parameters or structure of their access differentiation systems. This fact is a prerequisite for violation of the information properties, contained in the general field of the integrated information and telecommunications system. Analysis of the existing ways of the unauthorized information flow appearance during usage of discretionary models in the access differentiation systems has shown a possibility of information properties violation. A method for harmonization of access matrices of various options of the discretionary differentiation of access systems has been developed. The security theorem of joint functioning of different options of access differentiation systems, built on the bases of a discretionary model, is formulated and proved.

The discussion of dialectical contradiction and/or identity (we have discovered that they are, in fact, the same thing) in Marx’s method at the end of chapter 4 provides a rationale for turning away from a “narrow” focus on Marx’s analytical procedure and toward other contemporary social phenomena and practices to discern how the two registers might be conceptually articulated. We can posit an identity between the concept of Marx’s method that I have constructed thus far and the particular character of the contemporary capitalist social formation, roughly periodized from the second half the twentieth century to the present. In other words, those concepts that I identify as the pivotal and orienting concepts (abstraction/representation, the necessity of the theoretical and imaginative retrieval of a collective, historical, and totalizing vantage point, the concept of “an aesthetic sensibility”) in the formulation of a Marxian method of social analysis, each express the particular contradictions that characterize the contemporary capitalist formation. The choice, itself, to emphasize these concepts contributes to the enunciation of an ideology of this “stage” of capitalist formation—this stage of modernization—the various characteristics of which are reflected in its different aliases: postindustrial society, society of the spectacle, the information age, consumer culture, image society, network society, postmodernism, globalization.

Initial data have been presented and analytical dependences of information flows in the integrated information and telecommunication system of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine at the stage of modernization have been formulated. The mathematical model of information flows of the information system at the stage of modernization and the method of determining the rational sequence of modernization of the information systems elements have been developed.

Report on the scientific and practical conference "Vertebrology at the modern stage", dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Academician O. O. Korzh.

This chapter first analyzes the epistemological, political and globalization origins the myth Chinese nationalism, which are embodied in political nationalism, ethnic nationalism, and cultural nationalism. It argues that to shape a Chinese national identity through modifying the so-called new is merely to continue the myth Chinese nationalism in the era. The chapter then puts forward a analysis the frameworks of the nation, by the nation, for the nation and nationalization stage - modernization stage - internationalization stage. It points out that the future Chinese national identity should include three aspects: an open and inclusive national spirit, a harmonious national character, and a moderate sense national pride. The chapter concludes that China's peaceful development is shaping China's identity and will naturally destroy all kinds myths about Chinese nationalism. Keywords:China's identity; globalization; internationalization; modernization; myth Chinese nationalism

Reviewed by: Reading Performance: Spanish Golden-Age Theatre and Shakespeare on the Modern Stage Margaret E. Boyle Fischer, Susan L. Reading Performance: Spanish Golden-Age Theatre and Shakespeare on the Modern Stage. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Tamesis, U.K., 2009. 368 pp. Through the collection of essays Reading Performance: Spanish Golden-Age Theatre and Shakespeare on the Modern Stage, Susan L. Fisher offers a comprehensive overview of early modern plays in performance. Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Tirso de Molina, and Lope de Vega are the key playwrights analyzed in this book, as well as the theatrical adaptations of Fernando de Rojas’s La Celestina and appropriations of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice in Spain and France. As Fischer makes clear, the study of performance “energizes potentials that have remained obscure or dormant in the original text” (220). The book makes the argument for theoretical inquiry into performances as nonstatic cultural events. Reading Performance is composed of revised versions of Fischer’s already-published articles across three main areas: productions of comedias done by Madrid’s Compañía Nacional de Teatro Clásico (CNTC) between 1986 and 2005, comedias translated into English and performed in the U.S. and U.K, and productions of Shakespeare and Lope de Vega in translation on the French and Spanish stage. Although each essay stands alone, this collection inspires consideration of the critical overlaps between the plays in performance. Fischer utilizes theoretical perspectives from a variety of authors, including Patrice Pavis, Peter Brook, Roland Barthes, and Jacques Derrida, and brings into conversation the often-estranged academic critic and theater practitioner. In Fischer’s words, “contemporary theory, then, can prompt the critic of the text and performance to recall that all readings have ideological implications, to examine the extent to which interpretation and ideology are intertwined, and to create a framework for deciphering the operations governing the production of new readings that arise from such culturally determined constructs” (20). One of the most significant contributions of this book is that it offers a detailed record of CNTC’s comedia productions over nearly two decades, comprising such canonical works as El médico de su honra, Fuenteovejuna, El burlador de Sevilla, El castigo sin venganza, and La vida es sueño. Special attention is paid to the influence of the late director of the company, Adolfo Marsillach, and his particular interest in learning from CNTC performances in [End Page 203] order to benefit future productions. Although Fischer acknowledges that the experience of participating in theater as an event is almost always subjective, as a critic she attempts to offer an analytical description of performance by following a meticulous approach to reading performance. She views productions multiple times from different locations in the theater and rigorously studies the play’s script in order to detect spontaneous or intentional additions or omissions. Likewise, Fischer keenly observes and describes the acting, direction, lighting, sound and music, blocking, set design, costuming, and audience reactions. Although such an approach to theater participation may hinder fresh reactions to performance, rigorous attention to detail permits the author to generate contextual appreciation for the playwrights and each play’s performance history. Jonathan Thacker argues in the forward that, because Performance Studies have been less pervasive among critics of Spanish Golden Age drama, many academics have looked to Shakespeare Studies for inspiration. Interestingly, Fischer locates the instability of the written script as the key shared factor between Shakespeare and plays of Golden Age Spain. In her words, “the printed text is merely one text in a continuous process, with no particular authority over other stages” (46). Given this approach to theater as a fluid art, it is especially relevant to consider the applicability of Fischer’s theoretical model in alternate (trans)national contexts. It is useful to consider, for example, how her theoretical approaches might benefit analyses of recent productions from Chamizal National Memorial’s annual Siglo de Oro Drama Festival or non-CNTC productions staged annually at Almagro. Reading Performance will also be of major interest to those who study translation, broadly conceived. While the collection specifically treats the issues raised when translating a play from one language to another, it also addresses the...

In the last century and a half, the performance reception of Greek tragedy has been more widespread and varied than in any other similar period since the Wfth century BC. One could argue that, despite all its popularity in previous centuries, the revival of Greek drama on the modern stage was established as a cultural practice only with the consolidation of the modern nation-states in the second half of the nineteenth century. Greek tragedy was reinvented within institutional frameworks that today we can easily recognize as mod- ern, namely schools and universities, and professional and avant- garde theater. It is therefore hardly surprising that the study of the reception of Greek drama on the modern stage is usually based on categorical—and hierarchical—distinctions between such frameworks. For instance, scholars often privilege the reception of Greek tragedy in avant-garde theater for its critical approach to contemporary cul- ture. 1 Nor is it surprising that the performance history of Greek tragedy remains largely a history of national traditions. 2 The aim of this chap- ter is to explore some of the aesthetic and ideological forces that informed the reinvention of ancient drama in an institutional frame- work that does not quite Wt into the dominant categories of contem- porary theater practice and historiography. Theater festivals, and more speciWcally the festivals that emerged in the last two decades of the nineteenth century and up until the outbreak of the Second World War, have a historical signiWcance that has escaped the attention of scholars working within rather than across national and generic bound- aries. In their large-scale revival of Greek tragedy, theater festivals proved to be an international as well as national phenomenon. To de - velop a comparative perspective on this dramatic phenomenon, it is

Spectral Characters: Genre and Materiality on the Modern Stage

The Development of Socio-Political Centers at the Second Stage of Modernisation - A Comparative Analysis of Two Types

The Development of Socio-Political Centers at the Second Stage of Modernisation - A Comparative Analysis of Two Types

Scholars who have dealt with the issues of economic development and modernization have generally argued for a single, homogeneous modernity. Such standardized and Western-oriented views have not only prevented us from looking at the various stages of modernization within Muslim societies, but they have also caused us to neglect the different modernizations among them. For example, not only did the Ataturk’s, Reza Shah’s, and Abdul Nasser’s modernization programs differ, but the stages of modernization within each of these countries were also different. Taking the Iran example as one of the most important Muslim societies in the Middle East, this article shows that Iran, first, through the Qajar era, has experienced modernization programs, and second, there was a difference among the modernization programs under the pre-constitutional period, constitutional government period, and Pahlavis’ period. To this end, the main idea of this paper is to criticize the Orientalist tradition within the framework of Edward Said's theory, and to move from this tradition to understand various modernities in non-Western countries, especially Muslim societies.

While analyzing the role of the state in the economy the author considers functions of the state at the stage of modernization, their priorities in economic policy in relation to the chosen model of modernization. The necessity of active structural policy and institutional reforms is noted. It is argued that during transition to post-industrial economy state intervention is becoming more limited.

The quality of people’s lives depends not only on what they do, but also on what happens in society as a whole and how it affects people in different places. It has been rightly proved that the main goal and criterion of public policy is to promote the happiness of people. In recent decades, many scientists have proved that the main goal and measure of state policy is to promote the happiness of people. This article is devoted to the study of the level of happiness of the inhabitants of Kazakhstan in the years after gaining independence as a result of three stages of modernization. An overview of research on happi- ness in Kazakhstan is provided. Based on the World Database of Happiness database, the trend of the average level of happiness of Kazakhstanis from 2000-2020 is considered. A comparative analysis with other countries was carried out, the components of happiness in Kazakhstan and the inequality of hap- piness, factors affecting happiness were considered. Despite the fact that the level of happiness of the inhabitants of Kazakhstan is below average compared to other countries of the world, it shows a high level among the countries of Asia and the post-Soviet countries. The model of happiness of Kazakhstanis differs from other countries, and there are differences in the significance of factors affecting the happiness of Kazakhstanis. The increase in the average level of happiness in Kazakhstan indicates that the periods of modernization carried out in the country have benefited the population and affected their level of satisfaction with life. In general, the increase in the average level of happiness in Kazakhstan indicates that the reforms in the country benefited the population and affected their level of satisfaction with life. Key words: stages of modernization, level of happiness, quality of life, subjective well-being, world ranking, comparative analysis.

The modernization of the Moscow psychiatric service consisted in reduction of hospital service and development of out-patient service. The first stage of modernization (2010-2016) the psycho-neurological dispensaries were joined to psychiatric hospitals and bed stock was reduced or restructured for different function. The second stage of modernization (2017) consisted in such modernization of hospital network as further reducing of bed stock and unification of psychiatric hospitals. The third stage (2017-2020) presupposes development of out-patient care. The purpose of study was establishing provision of personnel resources of Moscow psychiatric institutions and analysis of dynamics of personnel resources during modernization period. The study is a continuous retrospective analysis of personnel of Moscow psychiatric service in 2008-2017. In this period number of occupied job positions of district psychiatrists decreased from 0.28 to 0.25 per 10 000 of population. In the Russian Federation provision with district psychiatrists made up to 0.23 per 10 000 of population in 2017. In 2027, the provision with psychiatrists of population made up to 1.15 in Moscow and 0.83 in the Russian Federation per 10 000 of population. In 2015-2017, in Moscow, quantity and staffing of out-patient job positions in Moscow psychiatric institutions increased. In 2017, the staffing of job positions in out-patient institutions made up to 63.5%-77%. In 2008-2017, in Moscow, total number of visits per district psychiatrist increased up to 36.5% for adults and up to 140.5% for adolescents and up to 5.3% for children. The percentage of psychiatrists with qualification category decreased from 2007 to 2017 and in 2017 made up to 40.4% in Moscow and up to 50.9% in the Russian Federation.