Abstract
Double object constructions manifest three different passive patterns. In Kinyarwanda, Norwegian, and Swedish, either object can passivize (symmetric passive) while in English, Fula, and Chicheŵa, only one object can passivize (asymmetric passive). However, there are two types of asymmetric passives. In the English type, the accusative object with the highest thematic role must passivize and transitive impersonal passives are impossible, regardless of whether the language allows intransitive impersonal passives. In the Chicheŵa type, only the object associated with the Case-assigning morpheme adjacent to the passive morpheme can passivize.
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