Symbolic meaning of relocation to a residential care facility for persons with dementia

Abstract

Objectives: This study explored the perspectives of persons with dementia (PWD) on the meanings and experiences associated with relocation to a residential care facility (RCF). Methods: A qualitative design was employed, which involved in-depth interviews with 16 PWD at their homes within two months prior to relocation. The work of Strauss and Corbin guided the analysis process. Results: Participants viewed relocation to an RCF as a major residential change and life transition requiring significant adaptive efforts. The experience clearly had a profound personal meaning for the participating PWD, shaped by their unique personal identities, psycho-environmental histories and current living circumstances. However, despite individual variations, four major themes captured the common perspectives and experiences in the sample. Relocation to an RCF: (a) symbolized the end of an era and a long-established way of life; (b) signaled the inevitable downward trajectory of old age; (c) meant living a more protected, dependent, structured and communal lifestyle in a place that is associated with ‘hospitality’ and ‘rest’; and (d) presented a life course challenge that could be dealt with by drawing on one's sense of identity as a ‘survivor’. Conclusion: The findings raise awareness of the subjective meanings of residential transitions in the experience of aging with dementia, and inform supportive interventions to optimize housing decisions for PWD in order to promote successful adaptation to their new living environments.