Abstract
The use of constructed wetland systems (CWS) is presented as an alternative for the treatment of effluents since these have reduced implementation costs and relative ease of operation. The present research was undertaken to evaluate to study the hydrodynamic and the fitting of first-order mathematical kinetic models for the removal of pollutants in CWS. Three CWS were built, using expanded clay as filter support: one cultivated with Polygonum punctatum (CWSw), another cultivated with Chrysopogon zizanioides (CWSV), and a control unit (CWSc). The actual retention time was 3.12 days in the CWSc, whereas, in the CWSw and CWSv, we observed values of 4.14 and 4.11 days, respectively. The dispersion values were high in all CWS. The values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) across the length of the CWS were used to fit the kinetic models that describe the first-order decay of organic matter over the CWS. The models that showed a better fit to the experimental data were the plug-flow with residual concentration, the continuous stirred tank reactor, and Shepherd’s models.
Highlights
The growth of the world’s population increases the demand for the extraction of natural resources, making them increasingly scarce
Water is the source most affected by this expansion, so the need for effluent treatment has become an eminent concern due to the damage caused to the environment and the population [1,2]
The lack of low-cost and simple handling technologies is evidenced in rural areas and communities of low population density, and so, research has been developed to optimize effluent treatment on small scales [4,5]
Summary
The growth of the world’s population increases the demand for the extraction of natural resources, making them increasingly scarce. The main conventional effluent treatment technologies on the market are designed to treat wastewater from large areas, which makes them inaccessible and difficult to operate and maintain [3]. The lack of low-cost and simple handling technologies is evidenced in rural areas and communities of low population density, and so, research has been developed to optimize effluent treatment on small scales [4,5]. A viable alternative to wastewater treatment is nature-based treatment technologies. Among nature-based solutions, constructed wetlands systems (CWS) present the advantages of low energy requirements and easy operation and maintenance [6]
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