Abstract
The increasing penetration of Microgrids (MGs) into existing power systems and “plug and play” capability of Distributed Generators (DGs) causes large overshoots and settling times along with various power quality issues such as voltage and frequency flickers, current harmonics and short current transients. In this context, over the past few years, considerable research has been undertaken to investigate and address the mentioned issues using different control schemes in conjunction with soft computational techniques. The recent trends and advancements in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have led the development of Swarm Intelligence (SI) based optimized controllers for smooth Renewable Energy Sources (RES) penetration and optimal voltage, frequency, and power-sharing regulation. Moreover, the recent studies have proved that the SI-based controllers provide enhanced dynamic response, optimized power quality and improved the dynamic stability of the MG systems as compared to the conventional control methods. Their importance in modern AC MG architectures can be judged from the growing number of publications in the recent past. However, literature, pertaining to SI applications to AC MG, is scattered with no comprehensive review on this significant development. As such, this study provides an overview of 15 different SI optimization techniques as applied to AC MG controls from 43 research publications including a detailed review of one of the elementary and most widely used SI based metaheuristic optimization algorithms called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. This comprehensive review provides a valuable one-stop source of knowledge for the researchers and experts working on SI controller's applications for AC MG dynamic response and power quality improvements.
Highlights
Microgrids (MGs) are becoming more and more intelligent, distributed and flexible
The interconnection of MG with the utility grid generally require a non-linear power electronic device such as pulse width modulated voltage source inverters (PWM-VSI), or the converters. These power electronic devices play a vital role in integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into the utility grid and regulating the power flow between Distributed Generators (DGs) and the main grid [3]
A general configuration of AC MG is shown in Figure 1 which comprises of two DGs; each one connected to the point of common coupling (PCC) through a power electronic interface
Summary
Microgrids (MGs) are becoming more and more intelligent, distributed and flexible. Advanced power-electronic devices and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are dominating the electrical grids and this trend may still last for many coming years [1]. There is dire need to fill this gap in the literature by reviewing and compiling all SIbased MG control articles for the power quality and dynamic response improvement of the MGs in a single reference. It is, this review study is undertaken with the aim to highlight the growing impact of SI techniques in meeting AC MG power quality standards. The conclusion and future outlook pertaining to SI controller applications in the field of AC MG controls are provided in Section VIII of the paper
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