Sustainable Tourism and Local Development in Apulia Region

This study examined regional and local tourism stakeholder perceptions of a sustainable tourism development strategy (STDS) in Protected Area Network (PAN) Park locations. An STDS overview from a cross‐cultural comparative analysis of a verified park (Sweden) versus a candidate site (Romania) is given. In‐depth interviews addressed stakeholder cooperation in sustainable tourism planning, perception of tourism in the region, development proposals, and their involvement in sustainable tourism planning. Findings were organized under three interlinkages of a sustainability framework: institutional referring to contribution to sustainable development; care involving management and product innovations; and democracy‐justice involving community rejuvenation via opportunities for small‐scale businesses having a voice in decision making. Regional authorities (in both countries) have other obligations than sustainable tourism development to fulfill while lack of infrastructure and access to parks is a barrier to overcome. Support from local and regional authorities is limited with no STDS apparent. Locally, stakeholders are skeptical with little belief in the benefits of a small‐scale tourism business. Unemployment, old mentality, and lack of experienced professionals are problems in Romania compared to Sweden implying differences in democracy and care. STDS enhances images of sustainability while its role is to develop strategies for sustainable tourism in PAN Park regions.

The purpose – The purpose of this project is to investigate what a landscape architecture approach could add to sustainable tourism development. Design – Spatial design is used as tool to investigate the chances and possibilities of sustainable tourism. Methodology – In the project we used research by design as method. This is done by doing a case study on the Dubrovnik Riviera, where we tested our concepts, ideas and methods in practice. During the case study we used participation, the layer approach of de Hoog and Sijmons (1996) and the landscape approach of Koh (2010) as our main methods. Approach – Using the local landscape and culture as base and inspiration for the development of sustainable tourism. Combined with tourism trends and the input of local stakeholders we worked out a spatial plan. Findings – The landscape including natural and cultural qualities can serve as a perfect base for the development of new forms of sustainable tourism: − A touristic region should function as a system, where all villages are working together adding something unique to the whole system − An efficient extensive public transport network and zoning can help developing a region sustainable − A combination between a bottom-up and top-down approach is needed to implement sustainable tourism, creating preconditions for each other to function optimally. So, we can conclude that a landscape-based design approach gives a significant new insight in how sustainable tourism can be developed in practice. The originality of this research – The landscape architecture approach fills the gap between ideas about sustainable tourism and the practical applicability of it. Using the local landscape and culture sets a sustainable framework for developing sustainable tourism and results in a working tourism system led by the local community. Using landscape architecture in sustainable tourism development is a new, but very interesting and promising addition to the current research and concrete development.

PROBLEM OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN UKRAINE UNDER GLOBALIZATION

Contents: Preface Narrow escapes: pathways to sustainable local cultural tourism, Luigi Fusco Girard and Peter Nijkamp. Part I Tourism Development as a Sustainable Strategy: Tourism, heritage and cultural sustainability: 3 'golden rules', David Throsby Tourism and development: towards sustainable outcomes, Geoffrey Wall Sustainable development and tourism: opportunities and threats to cultural heritage from tourism, Harry Coccossis Valuing urban cultural heritage, Peter Nijkamp and Patrizia Riganti. Part II Policies on Sustainable Tourism and Cultural Resources: Cultural heritage, local resources and sustainable tourism:towards an operational framework for policy and planning, Christian Ost Juridical and political tools for a sustainable development of tourism: present context and future perspectives, Guiliana Di Fiore Cultural heritage, sustainable tourism and economic development: a proposal for Southern Italy, Antonio Saturnino Sustainable tourism, renewable energy and transportation, Maria Giaoutzi, Christos Dionelis and Anastasia Stratigea. Part III Case Studies: Local government and networking trends supporting sustainable tourism: some empirical evidence, Francesco Polese Cultural tourism, sustainability and regional development: experiences from Romania, Daniela L. Constantin and Constantin Mitrut Tourism sustainability and economic efficiency: a statistical analysis of Italian provinces, Maria Francesca Cracolici, Miranda Cuffaro and Peter Nijkamp Valorisation strategies for archaeological sites and settings of environmental value: lessons from the Adriatic coast, Donatella Cialdea Utility and visitor preferences for attributes of art galleries, Ken Willis and Naomi Kinghorn. Part IV New Departures for Evaluation: Tourism, cultural heritage and strategic evaluations: towards integrated approaches, Luigi Fusco Girard and Francesca Torrieri Restoring roadman's houses in Sardinia, Italy: a multicriteria decision support system for tourism plannin

The Deliblato Sands Special Nature Reserve (SNR) is located in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Northern Serbia). The favorable position implies the proximity to large cities with which it has good traffic connections. Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Croatia, and other countries from the region represent a dispersive zone. The topic of this paper is the function that the SNR has in sustainable tourism development. The objective of this work is the analytical research of the available written data, as well as those obtained after the conducted survey. The basis of the research is to find out how and to what extent the SNR contributes to sustainable tourism development. The research was carried out by measuring the value of sustainable tourism indicators, and examining the attitudes of residents, visitors, and students about the current state of sustainable tourism and the importance of the SNR for future tourism development. Respondents were selected using a random sample method. The authors used qualitative and quantitative methodologies in the paper. This research examined the SNR sustainable development by measuring sustainability indicators and surveying 1884 respondents (714 residents, 620 visitors, and 550 students) about sustainable tourism in the SNR. The obtained data were analyzed and presented with the help of SPSS v. 21 software. The research results can be used to create national and international strategies for sustainable tourism development.

Part A Sustainable tourism - theory and planning: environmental impacts on tourist destinations - an economic analysis, D. Buhalis and J. Fletcher the environmental internalities of tourism - theoretical analysis and policy implications, H. Briassoulis new trends in leisure and tourism affecting the tourist industry and destination areas, T.Z. de Haan environmental quality and tourism and the environment, G.J. Ashworth provate and public development strategies for sustainable tourism development of island economies, H. Janssen, M. Kiers and P. Nijkamp planning for tourism at local level - maintaining the balance with the environment, J. Westlake specialization in tourism - the case of a small open economy, A. Lanza and F. Pigliaru. Part B Policy case studies in sustainable tourism: assessing the interaction between heritage, environment and tourism - Mykonos, H. Coccossis and A. Parpairis sustainable tourism development - a case study of Lesbos, P. Nijkamp and S. Verdonkschot the environments of coastal marinas, J.A. Edwards environmental impacts in the Loch Lomond area of Scotland, G.Dickinson rural tourism development - using a sustainable tourism development approach, B. Nitsch and J. van Straaten problems of tourism development in Spain, G.K. Priestley.

T his study measures the implementation process for the implementation of sustainable tourism, which generally aims to maintain ecological tourism destinations in a long time, getting feasibility economically, ethically and socially equitable for local communities. The Ministry of Tourism in Act No. 10 of 2009 explicitly pouring ideas and support in the development of sustainable tourism that is necessary efforts to increase tourism's contribution to economic development, public welfare, strengthening of social values and culture, and environmental protection. In accordance with the definition of sustainable tourism development as stated in the Charter for Sustainable Tourism (1995) is, supported development of ecologically well as economically viable, ethically and socially equitable for society. The tourism sector has not contributed real and direct the economy of local communities in tourism destinations. The development of tourism in Indonesia should be able to increase the quality of life (particularly local), to create added value and strengthen the local culture and social values and local wisdom. The assessment will look at the main aspects that should be considered in the development of sustainable tourism. Phasing and assessment measures and methods that will be pursued are: to prepare the standards and criteria for sustainable tourism development that is intended to be applicable at the destination. This study will generally see an outline of the three phases of activity in the development of sustainable tourism which is done through the process of STD, STO and STC. This study will limit the scope of stages Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) to get to the Sustainable Tourism Certification (STC). Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) in the study aims to maintain ecological tourism destinations in a long time, getting feasibility economically, ethically and socially equitable for local communities as well as having an output convergence meeting, coordination meetings and research meeting in these destinations. Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO), is an activity that is conducted with the cooperation between the ministries of tourism, local governments and higher education area that aims to provide recommendations for the development of sustainable tourism, both the central government, local governments, local communities and other stakeholders , The focus of this study is the implementation of the Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) that uses the basics of votes according to the criteria of sustainable tourism for destinations. Whatever method of determining the assessment criteria consist of several parts, namely: a) sustainable management of effective management; b) maximize the economic benefits to the local community and minimize negative impacts; c) maximize the benefits to the community, visitors, and culture; minimize the negative impacts; d) to maximize the benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts. This methodology explicitly used to design, assess, monitor, evaluate and mitigate and understand the paradigm framework of thinking in the development of sustainable tourism were planned and carried out at tourism destinations. The final results of this study provide recommendations after the criteria are met by the development of sustainable tourism for tourist destinations. The recommendations provide a reference methodological and recommendations in the field of tourism sustainability. Support capacity building on tourism stakeholders to foster participation / public participation, policy trends and the impact of tourism through the development of sustainable tourism as a standard and criteria for Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) that can be applied in Indonesia. The application emphasizes the principles of sustainability, which refers to aspects of environmental, economic and socio-cultural development of tourism, and an appropriate balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee long - term sustainability.

Integrating innovative marketing strategies in sustainable tourism development is imperative to meet the evolving demands of modern travelers. This research explores the efficacy of experiential marketing and technology integration in promoting sustainability within the tourism industry. Employing a literature review approach, this study critically examines the existing literature on innovative marketing strategies, collaborative initiatives, and methodological advancements in sustainable tourism marketing. The findings underscore the significance of experiential marketing in fostering environmental stewardship, promoting cultural authenticity, and cultivating lasting emotional connections with tourists. Moreover, the study highlights the pivotal role of technology integration, mainly through digital platforms and big data analytics, in enhancing destination competitiveness and disseminating information about eco-friendly tourism offerings. Collaborative initiatives such as destination partnerships and community-based tourism projects are also identified as effective mechanisms for promoting sustainability and equitable tourism development. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaborations, innovative methodologies, and critical engagement with power dynamics and equity issues to advance knowledge and inform evidence-based policies and practices in sustainable tourism marketing. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between marketing strategies, sustainability practices, and destination outcomes in the tourism industry.

This research focuses on the critical challenges and strategies in developing sustainable tourism in the Jambi Province Heritage Site area by involving the active participation of local communities. Sustainable tourism is defined as an approach to tourism that aims to maintain sustainability in terms of economic, social, and environmental aspects. The research method approach includes the use of mixed methods, combining qualitative analysis using QDA Miner software and quantitative analysis with SmartPLS. The results showed that active local community empowerment and socio-cultural factors have a significant impact on sustainable tourism. The implications of this study highlight the need for a holistic approach that brings together the values of culture, nature and the tourism ecosystem to achieve sustainability goals. Sustainable tourism is not simply a replication of urban planning improvements, but must combine the values of nature, community cooperation, and cultural preservation with community welfare. This research provides a meaningful contribution in formulating sustainable tourism models and strategies that can be applied in Jambi Province, focusing on cultural and environmental preservation efforts and improving community welfare through local community empowerment to achieve sustainable tourism development.

The paper attempts to theoretically define and empirically evaluate the relationship between quality of life, tourism and economic growth. The main objective is to determine what influences quality of life of the local population in inbound tourism markets in the context of sustainable tourism and economic development. The empirical investigation was conducted using descriptive statistics, cross-sectional analysis and multivariate regression analysis for a sample of the Republic of Croatia in the period between 2004 and 2019. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to answer the following research questions: Does higher competitiveness and economic growth, in addition to higher tourism consumption have a positive effect on the quality of life of the resident population? How do macroeconomic variables expressing economic growth, competitiveness and tourism affect the quality of life of the resident population? The basic hypothesis is that economies that are more competitive and achieve better results in terms of economic growth and achieve higher tourism consumption have a higher quality of life, which is one of the objectives of sustainable development. The quality of life of the resident population in inbound markets increases under the influence of increasing tourism consumption and the generation of higher tourism revenues, which are multiplicatively transmitted to the overall economy. A higher level of investment and, consequently, a higher tourist offer, at this level of tourism development, also has a positive impact on the growth of the human development index, which is used as an indicator of the quality of life of residents. Reaching a higher GDP per capita has a positive effect on the quality of life of the local population. The conclusions of the research and the results of the model can be used to implement a strategy for sustainable tourism development and the economy, as well as a targeted and more efficient tourism policy to increase revenues and reduce costs while increasing the overall satisfaction of all stakeholders in the tourism market. The paper represents a contribution to research on the relationship between quality of life, tourism and economic growth in inbound tourism economies.

Sustainable tourism and local economic development as a mechanism for religious pilgrimages in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). This is particularly pertinent for religious pilgrimages in KZN province which boosts historical landmarks and pilgrimage destinations. Pilgrimage tourism and several other forms of tourism related to it have significant affinities to the tenets of sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the complications that could arise from religious pilgrimages' potential as a form of travel that, once implemented, would be beneficial for sustainable tourism and local economic development (LED). This paper further intends to assess the pilgrimage destinations to be viewed as a mechanism for local economic development. A quantitative research design was employed, as the nature of this research necessitates the use of numerical data and descriptive statistics to draw conclusions. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect data from 410 respondents selected using a convenience sampling technique from different pilgrimage destinations in KZN, South Africa. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted using IBM’s SPSS version 28 software. The pilgrims and local communities’ perceptions of socio-economic contribution indicate that the availability of tourism facilities might be perceived as a socio-economic contributor to pilgrimage destinations. The findings further reveal that African religious pilgrimages can be sustainable and be a local economic development catalyst in KwaZulu-Natal. The study recommends that the South African National Christian Forum (SANCF), in collaboration with the South African government (national and provincial), develop an operational plan to provide business education, entrepreneurial skills, and relevant support to local communities surrounding religious pilgrimages or religious destinations, to empower them to contribute to the development of the local economy. This will assist to reduce South Africa's high unemployment rate, particularly in less developed regions.

The development of sustainable tourism has become a growing trend in multi-level projects in developing countries aimed at supporting the economy and preserving the ecosystem. Despite the fact that Algeria is considered one of the richest and most diverse countries in Africa, the development of tourism on its 1200 km coastline faces many problems and difficulties. One of these obstacles is the lack of a comprehensive strategy that guarantees the development of the tourism sector. In recent years, the economic importance of tourism has grown significantly. However, the tourism industry without a properly planned strategy, as in the case of Algeria, cannot provide the expected economic growth. The purpose of this article is a theoretical review of various strategies for sustainable development through the development of various tourist facilities on the Algerian coast, as well as an assessment of the selected strategies for the development of tourism in Algeria in terms of urban infrastructure, ecosystems, the growth of the number and quality of architectural structures. Methodologically, this study analyzes various strategies of sustainable tourism development applied in the world. The study examines tourism development strategies and the role of designing various types of tourist facilities and resorts for the development of this industry in the coastal areas of Algeria, taking into account the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity.

There is a synergistic potential between heritage and tourism which can offer a type of special interest tourism. However, despite the potential, it also brings out conflicts that result in negative socio-cultural impacts. Therefore, sustainability issues should be considered in developing heritage tourism. There are three dimensions incorporate in Sustainable Development, which are environment, economic, and social. As sustainable tourism was derived from sustainable development, thus the three dimensions of sustainable development are also applied in sustainable tourism development, especially in sustainable heritage tourism. Generally, the relationships between the three aspects of sustainable development are assumed to be compatible and mutually supportive. However, among the three dimensions of sustainable development, social sustainability is the least developed and often is proposed in relation to ecological or economic sustainability. There have been efforts to address and incorporate the social dimension of sustainability into standard setters, planners, and practitioners in many diverse areas such as forest certification, organic agriculture, conventional agriculture, urban and regional planning, corporate social and environmental management, reporting, and responsibility and fair-trade certification. However, there are still few studies of the social dimension in tourism development. To achieve sustainable tourism development, we cannot neglect the social dimension and only focuses on the economic and environmental dimensions. Social sustainability is not absolute or constant which has to be considered as a dynamic concept, which will change over time in a place. The purpose of this study exploring the key aspects of sustainable tourism development social dimension which is linked to theoretical and on how we should define and understand the fluid concept of the social dimension in tourism sustainability that can also be applied in heritage tourism. This research is using a systematic literature review to identify social dimension aspects or themes of sustainable development, sustainable tourism development, and sustainable heritage tourism. The preliminary findings show that there are few studies of the social dimension of sustainable tourism development. Therefore, it is rather difficult to obtain related articles of the social dimension, especially in the tourism subject fields. To this point, 160 works of literature were obtained and after screening, assessing, and selecting against the criteria for eligibility, there were 19 pieces of literature selected. Selected literature was reviewed to explore how the social dimension aspect in sustainable development debates is variously understood and how it constructs a social pillar. This research compiles a cross-disciplinary major theoretical concept from sustainable development, sustainable tourism development, heritage tourism, political sociology, economic theory, social theory, governance, and urban development to build a new multi-dimensional inquiry into the subject of social sustainability. Thus, this research gives a comprehension of the aspects of social sustainability which contributes to the improvement of the fluid concept of social tourism sustainability, especially in heritage tourism.

The second volume of Atna comes to you with our humble efforts to enrich tourism literature in India. We are delighted with the overwhelming response to the I volume from distinguished readers across India and abroad. Inspired by the constructive comments to the I volume, the second volume of Atna continue to incorporate articles on diverse areas of tourism such as sustainable tourism, heritage, medical tourism, cruises, cuisines, education, aviation etc.
 Raiesh N Ragde and Maduri T Sawant in their article on 'Proficiency of Foreign Languages : A study of the approved tourist guides of Aurangabad Region' state that, most of the tourist guides engaged in tourism business do not have proficiency of foreign languages, resulting in lack of appreciation of their role and responsibilities. Nedelea and Babu P George presents a case study of sustainable tourism development in Eastern Europe. This article points to the problems faced by hospitality and tourism industry in Romania and force the tourism sector to contemplate on the approaches towards sustainable tourism development. Strategies for sustainable eco-tourism by Maduri T Sawant examines the overall development of tourism and suggests strategies for sustainable tourism development.
 Sindhu Joseph critically analyses the potential and present stage of development of Bekal beach resort in Kerala in her article 'Special tourism Area- a critical study of Bekal.' 'Management of Eco-tourism sites: A case study of Aianta Ellora caves' by Raiesh N Ragde and Maduri Sawant highlights that the heritage contributes to the richness of any landscape and can attract innumerable tourists looking for cultural experiences in eco-friendly environment.
 Prospects of developing Medical tourism in India authored by Binoy T A draws attention to the pivotal role of medical tourism and calls for coordinated promotional strategies to develop medical tourism. Paramita Suklabaidya explores the potential of cruises as tourism product and the reasons for its growing popularity worldwide in her article 'New Age Tourism Product: The Cruise Industry - the Fastest growing Tourism Sector'. Gastronomy tourism can be a pull factor for many tourism market segments and the role of Gastronomy Tourism in promoting Jharkhand as a Tourist Destination is beautifully presented by Mohinder Chand, Ashish Dahiya and Lata S Patil.
 Issues of effective teaching and learning in tourism education by Toney K. Thomas reviews and evaluates the effectiveness of the application of skills in the industry. Joby Thomas and P. Pakkerappa in their article highlight the crucial role of HRD in airline industry to cope UP with the challenges of advancement in technology, changing market scenario, industry restructuring and more competitive business environment. To demonstrate the techniques of implementing intrapreneurship with examples from the tourism industry a case of Southwest Airlines of USA, is presented by Jyothirmoy Ghosh and Anianeya Swamy, and portrays how the intrapreneurship principles are applied effectively in tourism sector.
 On behalf of the editorial board I extend sincere gratitude to all the authors for contributing their scholarly articles to Atna. We look forward to the support, guidance and encouragement of academicians, researchers, professionals and well wishers of tourism and hospitality sector in our future endeavours.
 Joby Thomas
 Executive Editor

Regional development based on sustainable tourism is one of the options of developing remote regions, which are usually disadvantaged due to their distance, but can have a certain competitive advantage based on their remoteness. The present paper offers in-depth analysis of the tourism potential in selected remote regions of Russia, the Altai Mountains and Lake Baikal with the aim to explore the specific features of their sustainable tourism development and to propose an integrated operational framework for sustainable tourism and regional development usable for similar regions across the world. The proposed integrated operational framework helps to achieve a tricky balance between economic resurrection of remote areas and environment conservation, which is possible only with the proper co-integration of tourists with the community, and local economic development with the environment. It presents a set of drivers and their mutual relations to achieve the successful sustainable tourism development in remote regions in Russia and across the world. The present research results contribute to a knowledge bank that could serve as a useful guide for academics and policymakers involved with sustainable development, geography or environmentally sensitive tourism.