Sustainable Development of Water Ecological Economy under the “Two Mountains Theory”: International Experiences and Implications

Comprehensive assessment and hierarchical management of the sustainable utilization of urban water resources based on catastrophe theory

In order to timely understand the status of sustainable utilization of urban water resources and to effectively plan and manage the use of water resources, in this study, an extension evaluation method is used to evaluate the sustainable utilization of water resources. Firstly, a sustainable utilization index system of water resources is constructed from the perspectives of water resources conditions, development and utilization, social economy, ecological environment, and water resources management. Then, according to the incompatibility and relevance of some indexes, the extension evaluation model is established based on the theory of extension evaluation. Finally, the extension evaluation model constructed in this study is used to evaluate the sustainable utilization of water resources in X city. The results show that the level of sustainable utilization of water resources in X city is level M, which is consistent with the current reality of the sustainable utilization of water resources in X city and verifies that the extension model proposed in this study is feasible. Extension matter-element model has more advantages in fine analysis and trend analysis. This study provides a good theoretical basis for the management and utilization of water resources in China.

Comprehensive assessment of sustainable utilization of regional water resources, including three subsystems: social economy, water resources and eco-environment, is a large complicated and systematic evaluating problem. The selection of the index system for the regional sustainable development of water resources was discussed herein. Furthermore, a neural network methodology for regional water resources evaluation was introduced. The method adopts the radial basis function (RBF) architecture and dynamically penalized rival competitive learning algorithm, which is fast and repetitive, compared with most traditional techniques. Additionally, a new approach to produce training samples, testing samples and examining samples randomly distributed between the critical values was established. The sample used consists of 16 indexes, and by using the proposed methodology the sustainable evaluation of regional water resources could be successfully done. Results showed that from 1994 to 2005, the comprehensive index of water resources sustainable utilization in Zhengzhou city ascended with a fast speed of 0.023 per year, from sustainable development level IV to level III. The calculation with the model showed that, the comprehensive index of water resources sustainable utilization in the future planning years (2010, 2015, and 2020) could be enhanced with a speed of 0.011 per year. A sensitive analysis indicates that it is necessary to increase eco-environmental water consumption rate, industrial output from each cubic meter of water consumption, public greenbelt area per capita, foodstuff output from each cubic meter of water consumption, and to ensure that natural growth rate of population decreases steadily, which are playing an important role in improving sustainable utilization of water resources in Zhengzhou city.

Early warning for sustainable utilization of regional water resources is an important control measure for regional water security management. To establish operable and quantitative forewarning model, in this paper, a new forewarning model for sustainable utilization of water resources based on BP neural network and set pair analysis (named BPSPA-FM for short) was established. In the proposed approach, the accelerating genetic algorithm–based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was suggested to determine the weights of evaluation indexes, back-propagation neural network updating model was used to predict the values of the evaluation indexes, and the set pair analysis was used to determine the function values of relative membership in variable fuzzy set of the samples. BPSPA-FM was applied to early warning for sustainable utilization of regional water resources of Yuanyang Hani terrace in Yunnan Province of China. The results show that the states of sustainable utilization in this system were near the critical value between nonalarm and slight alarm from 1990 to 2000, the states of the system fell into slight alarm and were rapidly close to intermediate alarm from 2001 to 2004, and the states of the system were predicted to be near the critical value between slight alarm and intermediate alarm from 2005 to 2010. The main alarm indexes of the system were utilization ratio of water in agriculture, control ratio of surface water, per capita water supply, per unit area irrigation water and per capita water consumption. BPSPA-FM can take full advantage of the changing information of the evaluation indexes in adjacent periods and the relationship between the samples and the criterion grades. The results of BPSPA-FM are reasonable with high accuracy. BPSPA-FM is general and can be applied to early warning problems of different natural hazards systems such as drought disaster.

The short-range and remote analysis of virtual water trade in China

Given the adverse effects of current water shortages, low utilization and imbalance between the supply and demand, and other status quo problems relating to social economic development, the construction industry and agriculture, a cloud model was applied to a water resource system using five sustainable water resource utilization schemes for Kiamusze, Heilongjiang Province, as an example. This research changes the qualitative description of the concept language into a quantitative analysis of an evaluation indicator. A cloud model-based analytical method for regional sustainable water resource utilization schemes was proposed, and the sustainable grades of the water resources were calculated. The research results showed that, in addition to the natural continuation of such schemes, the development trends of four new schemes achieved the sustainable utilization of water resources, and thus, the sustainable water resource utilization was optimized. However, when the open-source, throttle, comprehensive and coordination schemes were subjected to the optimum applicability analysis, based on the limiting factors in different periods, resource availability and long-term development, decision-making regarding the best solution in different periods better ensures sustainable development in Kiamusze. The research results provide a significant theoretical basis for the formulation of scientific and reasonable sustainable water resource utilization strategies in Kiamusze. Keywords: cloud model, regional water resources, sustainable utilization, normal cloud, scheme analysis DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20160905.2529 Citation: Fu Q, Meng F X, Li T X, Liu D, Gong F L, Osman A, et al. Cloud model-based analysis of regional sustainable water resource utilization schemes. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(5): 67－75.

A new assessment method of sustainable water resources utilization considering fairness-efficiency-security: A case study of 31 provinces and cities in China

Evaluation of regional water resources sustainable utilization provides a scientific basis for further water resources utilization and social economic sustainable development. How to use a scientific and rational assessment index system to analyze the sustainable utilization of water resources becomes more important. This paper mainly studied on the assessment index system construction for sustainable utilization of urban water resources. A total of 30 indicators were selected to establish for urban water resources sustainable use of the evaluation system.

Dongying City is located in the northeast of Shandong Province and is the central city of the Yellow River Delta. It has abundant oil and gas resources, vast saline-alkali land area, and saline brine as the main groundwater. Therefore, freshwater resources are poor, as there is a contradiction in the water supply and its demand. Judging the trend of sustainable utilization of water resources in Dongying City has an important role in promoting the local conservation and exploitation of water resources, recycling water resources, and undermining the contradiction between supply and demand of urban water resources. In this paper, 21 indicators have been selected to build the index system for judging the sustainable utilization of water resources. In addition, the DPSIR model is used to evaluate the sustainable utilization trend of water resources in Dongying City from 2005 through 2017. On the other hand, the GM (1, 1) model is considered to predict the sustainable potential-utilization of water resources in Dongying City from 2019 through 2025. The results demonstrated that the sustainable utilization of water resources in Dongying City shows an increasing trend from 2005 to 2017, So that the highest and lowest values are in 2017 and 2005, respectively. In addition, the sustainable potential-utilization of water resources in Dongying City may indicate a continuous upward trend from 2019 through 2025. Rainfall, runoff of the Yellow River and water resources per capita are the main factors affecting the sustainable utilization of water resources. According to the continuous improvement of residents' awareness of water saving and water-saving level, the development and exploitation of water resources will be more and more reasonable.

The urban water supply and demand model plays an important role in the simulation and sustainable utilization of urban water resources. The system dynamics (SD) approach is applied to construct the water supply and demand model of Tieling, which is used to simulate the development tendency of water resources and forecast the water demand in planning years. The practical verification on historical data shows that the relative error was small and the model is reliable. Furthermore, we present four modes to manage water resources in the paper. Through the comparison and analysis of the simulation results simulated by the proposed model in the paper under the four different modes, we can find that water supply is greater than water demand from 2005 to 2020 according to the second and fourth modes. That is, the water resources in Tieling are sustainable utilization if we take saving measures and pollution control measures on water resources.

Water resource is an important supporting material for life support system and economic development, and the sustainable development and utilization of water resource are the guarantee of social sustainable development. The upper Minjiang River is the most important source of water supply for the Chengdu Plain. With the water resources of the upper Minjiang River facing the problems of overall water volume reduction, flood and water pollution, etc., based on the optimal allocation theory, this paper constructs an optimal allocation model of water resources in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, analyzes its characteristics and proposes some relevant countermeasures and suggestions to solve the existing problems, aiming to provide references for the sustainable utilization of water resources in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.

The original ecological footprint model of water resources was improved here to explore the rational policy of water resources development and utilization. Aiming to address the problems of high complexity, weak applicability, and insufficient systematicness and dynamics of the existing water resources ecological footprint model, the grey water footprint was introduced into the model to quantify the water for decontamination. In the calculation of the water resources ecological footprint index, the rainwater collection project, seawater desalination, and water resources regeneration, unconventional water sources were considered, and when combined with the system dynamics simulation technology, the SD model of water resources sustainable utilization in China was established. We carried out research on the regulation and control of sustainable utilization of water resources in China. The results showed that the development and utilization of water resources in China remained within the ecological carrying capacity as a whole from 2000 to 2017, and the development of water resources still had potential, but the supply and demand of water resources were unbalanced. Given this, from the perspective of throttling, open-source, and pollution control, six control schemes for sustainable utilization of water resources in China were set up, including the continuation of the current situation, green throttling, pollution control, strict planning for water source development, and comprehensive treatment. Among them, the comprehensive coordination plan for 2018-2050 could properly solve the problem of water resources supply and demand under the conditions of meeting the ecological sustainability of water resources and reasonable water resources load and was the best regulation plan to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources in China. At present, the development of water resources in China lags, which does not match the growth rate of social and economic development on water resources consumption. It is necessary to further strengthen the efforts of open-source, water-saving, and pollution control based on the original policies, so as to alleviate the ecological stress of water resources.

Global warming has led to a serious crisis on regional water resources. Establishing a decision support system (DSS) on the sustainable utilization of water resources for arid areas is an increasingly critical problem. Selecting Xinjiang as a case study, this paper developed a system dynamics (SD) model. Through the simulation operation of the model, we achieved the decision on sustainable utilization of water resources. The extensive economic development is the main factor restricting the sustainable utilization of water resources in Xinjiang. We propose to adjust the planting structure and implement water-saving irrigation in Xinjiang, especially the Tarim Basin and Turpan-Hami Basin. This research provides the sustainable utilization plan of water resources for Xinjiang and its sub-regions in the next 30 years. By 2050, we recommend that the reuse rate of urban domestic water consumption and industrial sewage should reach 75%; the rural domestic water quota should be 70 L/(person·day); water consumption per industrial output value of ten thousand Yuan should be 28 m3; the irrigation water quota should be 5000 m3/hectare in Xinjiang. This research can provide references for the decision on sustainable utilization of water resources in arid regions around the world.

Objective：to promote the sustainable and efficient utilization of water resources in Henan Province, accelerate the optimization of the water resources management system, innovate the government administrative management mode, and provide new strategic countermeasures and path choices for the industrial upgrading and transformation in water resources related fields and the high-quality development of regional economy in Henan Province. Methods: by combing the current situation and existing problems of water resources utilization in Henan Province, this study focuses on analyzing the strategic opportunities faced by the field of water resources in Henan Province and expounds on the innovation and application of cutting-edge key technologies for water resources protection and utilization in Henan Province. Results: while the protection and utilization of water resources in Henan Province have achieved great results, it still faces great challenges: low water-saving results, imperfect advanced technology system, unstable water pollution control results, and imperfect water resource management mechanism. Conclusion: in the future, we must coordinate the relationship between water resources development and protection, establish the idea of harmonious development, give full play to the regional advantages of Henan Province, strengthen the research and development of cutting-edge key technologies, innovate the government management mechanism, and realize the efficient and sustainable utilization of water resources.

The evaluation of sustainable water resources’ utilization capacity in the Huangshui Basin is essential for effective management and development in the water-scarce regions of northwest China. This research provides valuable insights into the basin’s potential capacity for sustainable water resource use by developing a comprehensive evaluation index that addresses the following three critical aspects: climate factors, water resource systems, and socio-economic conditions. The evaluation is conducted using a dual method, as follows: the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and the ELECTRE III evaluation method. The results indicate that the Huangshui Basin’s water resources, as a whole, exhibit a medium sustainable utilization capacity. Climatic factors and socio-economic characteristics are the main factors affecting the sustainable utilization of water resources in the Huangshui Basin. Remarkably, both methods yield consistent results, indicating that the overall sustainable utilization capacity of the Huangshui Basin’s water resources is medium. Climatic factors and socio-economic characteristics are identified as the primary aspects influencing the sustainable utilization of water resources in the basin. Based on these findings, recommendations such as enhancing the introduction of external water resources, improving water resources’ management, and implementing comprehensive remediation efforts can help to elevate the level of sustainable water use. This research not only contributes to a deeper understanding of the basin’s water resources’ dynamics, but also serves as an important reference for informed decision making regarding sustainable utilization in the Huangshui Basin.