Abstract
The concept of a resilient city and its relationship with sustainable development has already received wide attention among academics, practitioners, and decision-makers, especially in the last decade. For many scholars, resilience is one of the concepts of sustainable development, in the sense that even more sustainability is an essential goal for development, and resilience is a way of thinking and acting that would lead us towards achieving sustainability. Moreover, resilience is about building and planning to future-proof cities. Resilience is a process that represents a new way of thinking, determining which urban challenges and crises have the lowest impact, and also building back better and evolving. The main aim of this study is to identify the potential relationship between sustainable development and resilience by using the Espiner et al. model. The model, which was created in reference to nature-based tourism destinations, suggests that the relationship between sustainability and resilience in tourism can be illustrated by three potential states: emergent, developing, and mature. In the present study, we adapt these potential states in case studies of the cities of Rotterdam (The Netherlands) and Thessaloniki (Greece), in order to demonstrate whether they are emergent, developing, or mature, by examining the critical documents of the (a) City Resilience Framework, and (b) Resilient Strategy Reports for Thessaloniki and Rotterdam, respectively.
Highlights
The postmodern period, especially after 1980, is characterized by a variety of multidimensional factors that affect places and mainly cities in Europe and internationally in many different ways
Recent interest in sustainable development as a broader umbrella for urban planning and resilience has been raised in scholarly discourse
Romero-Lankao et al [14] focuses on what capacities urban actors draw on to create sustainability and resilience, while Cartalis [15] concludes that the concept of resilience adds a new perspective to the issue of sustainability in the sense that resilience is needed for a sustainable environment
Summary
The postmodern period, especially after 1980, is characterized by a variety of multidimensional factors that affect places and mainly cities in Europe and internationally in many different ways. Especially in recent decades, have faced many challenges and chronic stresses, such as poverty, economic and social inequality, climate change, and pandemics that affect urban dwellers, in addition to challenges to infrastructure and the basis of their urban fabrics [7,8,9,10,11]. Recent interest in sustainable development as a broader umbrella for urban planning and resilience has been raised in scholarly discourse. Following Espiner et al [12], in the academic discourse, conceptualizing resilience and sustainability is complex and at times confusing. Both have been used to interpret components of social, economic, and environmental maintenance in destination communities, and at initial inspection, the ideals appear compatible. Saunders and Becker [17] reference resilience and sustainability within a land use planning and natural hazard context, suggesting that a resilient community should be a sustainable community, to meet legislative requirements, and, more importantly, to ensure that the economic, social, cultural, and environmental needs of future generations are met
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