Abstract
As the global search for new methods to combat global warming and climate change continues, renewable fuels and hydrogen have emerged as saviours for environmentally polluting industries such as aviation. Sustainable aviation is the goal of the aviation industry today. There is increasing interest in achieving carbon-neutral flight to combat global warming. Hydrogen has proven to be a suitable alternative fuel. It is abundant, clean, and produces no carbon emissions, but only water after use, which has the potential to cool the environment. This paper traces the historical growth and future of the aviation and aerospace industry. It examines how hydrogen can be used in the air and on the ground to lower the aviation industry’s impact on the environment. In addition, while aircraft are an essential part of the aviation industry, other support services add to the overall impact on the environment. Hydrogen can be used to fuel the energy needs of these services. However, for hydrogen technology to be accepted and implemented, other issues such as government policy, education, and employability must be addressed. Improvement in the performance and emissions of hydrogen as an alternative energy and fuel has grown in the last decade. However, other issues such as the storage and cost and the entire value chain require significant work for hydrogen to be implemented. The international community’s alternative renewable energy and hydrogen roadmaps can provide a long-term blueprint for developing the alternative energy industry. This will inform the private and public sectors so that the industry can adjust its plan accordingly.
Highlights
While the aviation industry’s 2.1 percent contribution to global carbon emissions [4] is much lower than the 11 percent that road transport contributes [5], it attracts more attention, because the impact globally is more significant due to the contrails formed by jet engines [6]
Aviation and aerospace are two aspects of air travel. The latter aspect relates to goods and services of aircraft that travel into space
Around 3 percent of the carbon emissions worldwide are produced by burning conventional aviation fuel
Summary
Man has always been interested in flight. Long before the Wright brothers [1] perfected an apparatus that allowed heavier-than-air flight, others attempted the same feat. The ancient Greeks attempted flight, and there are countless tales in Indian Vedic texts that depict the use of airborne craft. Such vehicles were used to transport people and goods. Et al [7] suggest that aviation’s emission contribution is higher, at 2.5 percent, and adds 918 million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere [7]. This grows with every additional aircraft put into service. New energy sources such as solar power, hydrogen cells [9,10,11], and algae [12] are being developed
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