Sustainability Of Community Food Barns: A Case Study Of Traditional Groups In Yogyakarta

Purpose -The purpose of this study is to address the challenges faced by rural areas and promote their sustainable development. It emphasizes the importance of re-establishing connections and cultivating a sense of belonging within rural communities, while safeguarding their cultural heritage. The study explores the potential of digital and creative tools in enhancing learning, supporting food production and tourism, facilitating research and providing engaging experiences. It also examines the economic condition of rural areas and the potential for their contribution to the national economy. Additionally, the study highlights the significance of sustainable community development, the role of rural areas in resilience and climate change adaptation and the complexities surrounding rural migration. The aim is to provide insights and recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders involved in rural development initiatives, focusing on the Mediterranean region. Design/methodology/approach -This study develops an understanding of the role of digital and creative strategies in rural communities, highlighting their significance in preserving food heritage, culture and community capital while driving economic development. It specifically focuses on the Unesco Intangible Mediterranean Diet (UIMD) as a potential catalyst for regeneration through the integration of creative and digital tools and three cases are presented. The first is the impact of the Future Food Institute (FFI) ecosystem in the Living Lab in Pollica (Salerno, Italy); the second focuses on the digital tools provided by the CKF to support rural areas; and the third is a new identity and promotion of territorial development, co-designed in the Val di Vara (VdV) a rural region of the Ligurian inland in Italy, through digital strategies, heritage preservation and slow tourism development. The three cases highlight different ways of enhancing environmental and cultural heritage and demonstrate how collaborative creativity and digital tools contribute to the co-construction of knowledge and addressing critical issues to promote sustainable growth in rural areas. Findings -The findings of this study indicate that re-establishing connections and fostering a sense of belonging within rural communities is crucial for their sustainable development. The use of digital and creative tools presents significant opportunities in enhancing various aspects such as learning, food production, tourism and research in rural areas. The study also reveals the potential economic contributions of rural areas to the national economy. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable community development and highlights the role of rural areas in resilience and climate change adaptation. Additionally, the study addresses the complexities surrounding rural migration and emphasizes the need for comprehensive policies to ensure the well-being and rights of migrant workers. The insights and recommendations provided in this study aim to guide policymakers and stakeholders involved in rural development initiatives, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Research limitations/implications -Nonetheless, it is imperative to acknowledge certain limitations within the scope of this study, primarily associated with the specific sample selection, potentially influencing the broader applicability of the findings. There is potential to explore a wider geographic area in future Creativity and digital strategies 113

Ensuring food security is one of the Millennium development goals, with most developing countries endeavouring to alleviate hunger levels. Indeed, 923 million individuals are undernourished in the world. Furthermore, United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organisation report a large majority of food-insecure individuals live in rural areas of developing and less developed countries, making it more crucial to study the various challenges to food security in rural areas. This research investigates the major challenges to food security in rural areas of Iran using the Delphi technique run in three rounds with a panel of experts consisting of 27 academic faculty members in the field of food security, rural development, agriculture, and executive staff. Findings identified eight categories as main challenges to food security: policy, economic, knowledge and information, infrastructural, cultural, access to food, climate conditions, and social challenges.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate those variables which have significant impact on the food security in a developing country such as Pakistan. The matter of food security in rural areas is of immense nature and needs to be probed. A number of factors are responsible for the situation. The current paper examines the determinants of three aspects of food security in rural areas of Pakistan, i.e. food availability, accessibility and absorption.Design/methodology/approachTo estimate the determinants of each component, a series of models is created, in which each component of food security is a function of socio‐economic variables. Ordinary least square regression is used to estimate the coefficients.FindingsIt has been observed from the results that the production of wheat, rice, maize, pulses, oilseeds, poultry meat and fish at the district level is found to affect food availability positively. All the district, except Sindh, is more probable to be food insecure in availability. In the food accessibility, electrification and adult literacy emerged as the factors having negative effect. Child immunization, safe drinking water and number of hospitals have shown positive effect on food absorption.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a first study which measures the determinants of three aspects of food security in rural areas of a developing country such as Pakistan, i.e. food availability, accessibility and absorption. This study provides a new road map for the next studies.Practical implicationsThe paper guides the policy makers and experts, showing how they are able to minimize the disparity among the different regions of a developing country such as Pakistan.Social implicationsThe paper will help to minimize the social disparity among the different segments of a developing country, especially in the rural areas, which is the most neglected part in most of the developing countries.Originality/valueThe paper presents the first study of its nature which has been conducted in Pakistan.

The purpose of the study are (1) Identify the various characteristics of household food security in rural areas, (2) Identify the social capital that developed in rural areas, (3) Identify the various characteristics of sustainable food security in rural areas and (4) Analysis of social capital on development of sustainable food security in various community groups. The study design was cross sectional. The study was conducted in Kerinci regency, by the time the research for 8 (eight) months of the calendar. Research variables: (1) family food security (availability, accessibility, and utilization of food and nutrition, (2) social capital (local associations and public characters), and (3) Sustainable food security (ecology, economic status, and sosio-demographic), with the number of respondents 165 households. The data were analyzed using models of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) by LISREL program. The results showed: (1) the level of household food security in Kerinci regency good views of availability, accessibility and household utilization of nutrients obtained quite enough and stable. Respondents in the study area has a fairly high level of stability of food consumption (energy and protein consumption), (2) social capital in the study area owned by households is high and good views of the local association level as well as from the aspect of interaction and community character, (3) sustainable food security is enough high, (4) social capital (local associations and public characters) either directly or indirectly have a positive highly significant to the development of food security and sustainable food security. That is, the higher and varied levels of social capital owned by the family, the more stable the level of food security so that the turn can improve the sustainable food security of the family.Key words: food security, social capital, sustainable, and development.

Sundanese people in rural West Java have a rich the local knowledge on a variety of traditional foods. However, studies on the local knowledge of Sundanese rural communities on the variety of traditional foods are still rare. The objective of this article is to elucidate the local knowledge of Cijambu Village community, Tanjungsari Sub-district, Sumedang District, West Java, on the traditional foods. The method used in this study was qualitative with Gastronomic Ethnobiological approach. It may be defined as the study of the complex interactions between human societies, food, and their environment. The result of study showed that there are at least 26 types of traditional foods that are usually created by the local community of Cijambu Village. The producing of a variety of traditional foods is based on local knowledge of the rural people as a result of inheritance from one generation to another. The basic ingredients for creating a variety of traditional foods are mainly used various plants that are produced from village agroecosystem. At least 39 species of plants representing 21 families are predominantly used to create 26 types of traditional food of Cijambu village community. Almost all of those plants are obtained from the production of various village agroecosystems of Cijambu, including homegarden, upland field, and wet-rice fields. The existence of a variety of traditional foods in rural areas, in addition to maintaining the identity of the village traditional food cultures, is also important to support food security in rural areas.

The general background food security is a critical global challenge that influences community well-being and development. The specific background in rural contexts, community empowerment is vital for addressing food security issues; however, the mechanisms and dynamics of such empowerment are often underexplored. The knowledge gap while existing literature emphasizes the importance of empowerment, there is a lack of detailed studies focusing on specific strategies that effectively enhance community resilience in food security. The aims this research aims to describe and analyze the empowerment of community groups in achieving food security, using a case study approach in a specific rural area. Results the study reveals that key indicators—authority, confidence and competence, trust, opportunities, responsibilities, and support—play significant roles in empowering community groups, leading to improved food security outcomes. The novelty this research introduces a comprehensive framework that interlinks these indicators, providing new insights into their collective impact on community food security initiatives. The implications emphasize the necessity for sustained support from local governments and active community participation, advocating for collaborative efforts to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of food security programs in rural communities. Highlights: Community empowerment is essential for achieving food security in rural areas. Key indicators for success include authority, trust, and support from local governments. A collaborative approach enhances the effectiveness of food security initiatives. Keywords: Community Empowerment, Food Security, Rural Development, Participatory Approach, Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract: Out of 120 districts of Pakistan (for rural areas) only 40 are food secure while 80 (67 percent) are food insecure. Within these food insecure districts, 38 (46 percent) are extremely food insecure. The matter of food security in rural areas is of immense nature and needs to be probed. A number of factors are responsible for the situation. The current paper examines the determinants of three aspects of food security in rural areas of Pakistan, i.e. food availability, accessibility and absorption. For the purpose a series of models is applied on district level data of rural areas of Pakistan. The production of wheat, rice, maize, pulses, oilseeds, poultry meat and fish at the district level is found to affect food availability positively. All the district except of Sindh are more probable to be food insecure in availability. In the food accessibility electrification and adult literacy emerged as the factors having negative effect. Child immunization, safe drinking water and number of hospitals have shown positive effect on food absorption.

This research is concerned with exploring, describing and interpreting the potential of community participation in improving food security in rural households in the Kolonna area. It explores the importance and value of the ancient village tank system as a vehicle for enhancing both community participation and food security. In Sri Lanka there still exists a network of large and small irrigation tanks and associated distribution and drainage channels that was originally established 1000-2000 years ago. This system apparently formed the basis of an effective cooperative social system that endured for centuries. More recently, several centuries of colonial rule caused the abolition of this participatory system by the British and the social structure and tank system of the village collapsed. Since independence in 1948, several government departments and international institutions have been trying to rebuild this social structure around the village tank, but with only limited success. This thesis describes efforts to document the potential for incorporating historical knowledge and farmers’ perceptions into sustainable community participatory programs in agricultural activities based on village tanks, with the aim of improving food security in a rural area of Sri Lanka. A mixed methods approach was employed to address the research questions identified for the study. It involved predominantly qualitative methodology including focus groups and individual interviews with a range of stakeholders including government and spiritual authorities allowed the exploration of the realities of village life and issues affecting food security. Significant findings not evident in typical governmental statistical reports include the following: (1) Household food security in rural areas is still a major problem. Agricultural production rather than purchased food is the main source for caloric intake of rural households and many farmers experience food insecurity due to unexpected seasonal crop failures. Furthermore, almost 10% of the residents of Kolonna area experience acute food insecurity, which occurs due to poverty. These people typically do not have secure access to land for growing their own crops but rely on casual wages work. (2) The major constraint to food security identified by respondents was lack of consistently available and equitably distributed irrigation water, although in contrast occasional flood damages to land and crops s due to flood was also a significant problem. Some farmers also believed that marketing and distribution channel constraints limited their commercial returns and income, and capacity to enjoy year-round food security. v (3) Despite the existence of several community participatory programs in the Kolonna area, they are not perceived to be successful. Only one third of the villagers are involved in these programs and more than 40% were unaware of their existence. Major criticisms included the perception of political interference and favoritism in the process governing their operations, which favored relatively few recipients. . (4) There appears to be strong support amongst villagers for revision of cooperative approaches such that management is by representatively elected independent committee that allow involvement of the most suitable farmers. This perception was linked to beliefs that a renewed focus on the village tank would be ultimately more beneficial than focusing solely on improving food security, because of the capacity to incorporate traditional community participatory approaches. Valuable features of the traditional system include sharing rather than hiring labor, dividing communal tasks among community members, and rules and regulations imposed by a recognized and accepted governing body. The implications of these findings for further research, policy and practice are discussed.

This paper aimed to explore the effectiveness of agricultural cooperatives towards the enhancement of food security in rural areas. The formation of agricultural cooperatives in South Africa is a prerequisite for obtaining government support concerning activities aimed at social and economic development. It is well-documented that agricultural cooperatives are business entities and vehicles for food security. However, this review sustained that agricultural cooperative do not completely alleviate the vulnerability of food-insecure households because of the dearth of institutional support and sufficient productive resources. Focus group discussions with six agricultural cooperatives and four face-to-face in-depth interviews with municipal officials were conducted to envisage the improvement of food security through agricultural cooperatives. Using thematic analysis to analyse data, findings confirmed that institutional support improves the efficiency of agricultural cooperatives at the local level. Furthermore, institutional support enhances productivity which renders the cooperatives as a supplementary intervention to food security. However, there is a gap in enabling access to agricultural inputs, such as funding for access to farming equipment. This paper recommends the implementation of a cooperative management structure to enhance planning, coordination, and monitoring. The municipality should review the agricultural cooperative governance frameworks to achieve enabling environments for farming activities

This study conducted with major objective to investigate the impact of conflict and displacement on household food security in rural areas, of district North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a total of 128 sample households were selected through a multistage sampling technique, and primary data were collected using interviews schedule method and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage and graphs), Food Security Index (FSI), and a binary logit regression model. The study results indicated that most sampled household heads were middle-aged (41–50 years), with high (43%) illiteracy rates and large family sizes, alongside predominantly low incomes. The overall Food Security Index (FSI) was (0.70), representing moderate food security, but with unfavorably low food availability (0.09) due to interrupted agriculture production and supply chains. The results of binary logit model indicated the co-efficient and significant values of independent variables such as age of the respondents (β = 0.150, p = 0.006), family size (β = 0.353, p = 0.008), and losses of market infrastructure (β = 2.854, p = 0.056) had positively and significantly increased vulnerability to food insecurity in the study area while, respondents education (β = −0.211, p = 0.010), food received from aid organization (β = −2.121, p = 0.039), and involvements in non-farm activities (β = −4.298, p = 0.003) had statistical significantly abridged the adverse effects of conflict and displacement on food security. The model overall explained 79% of variation in food security outcomes, emphasizing the strong effect of socio-economic factors. Based on the study findings it is recommended that improving education and infrastructure, restoring livelihoods, and ensuring timely humanitarian support are essential to enhancing resilience in conflict affected rural sites.

The present work, then, is concerned with the forgotten elements of the Lebanese economy, agriculture and rural development. It investigates the main problematic which arose from these forgotten components, in particular the structure of the agricultural sector, production technology, income distribution, poverty, food security, territorial development and local livelihood strategies. It will do so using quantitative Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling and a qualitative phenomenological case study analysis, both embedded in a critical review of the historical development of the political economy of Lebanon, and a structural analysis of its economy. The research shows that under-development in Lebanese rural areas is not due to lack of resources, but rather is the consequence of political choices. It further suggests that agriculture – in both its mainstream conventional and its innovative locally initiated forms of production – still represents important potential for inducing economic growth and development. In order to do so, Lebanon has to take full advantage of its human and territorial capital, by developing a rural development strategy based on two parallel sets of actions: one directed toward the support of local rural development initiatives, and the other directed toward intensive form of production. In addition to its economic returns, such a strategy would promote social and political stability.

The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of irrigation to household food security, in comparison to dry-land farming. This study used both primary and secondary data to analyse the factors. The primary data was collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire administered to selected farmers in the study area. A probability sampling method (that is pure or simple random sampling technique) was used to select the respondents. From a total population of 3,236 small-scale irrigators in Vhembe District, 147 irrigation farmers were randomly selected while 43 dry-land farmers were selected adjacent to the selected irrigators. A logistic regression model was used to analyse the variables in the model, selected from factors identified by previous researchers that affect food security in rural areas. A comparison of the variables in the model was carried out between irrigators and dry-land farmers. The results obtained showed that the proportion of food secured households was higher among farmers who were on the irrigation projects (86.3%) compared to dry-land farmers (53.0%). From the analysis, irrigation and per capita aggregate production were found to have a positive influence on the probability of households being food secure. This means that the likelihood of food security increases when farmers increase agricultural output and have access to a piece of land on the irrigation project. The food security of households is also dependent on other factors such as household size and farm size. These two variables were found to have negative and significant effects on household food security. The implications of these findings are that the likelihood of a household being food secures decreases with an increase in household size and farm size. Water has obvious advantages in that it increases farmer’s yields, promotes diversified farming enhances household food security and increases household incomes. Farmers who are on irrigation projects are more likely to be food secure than dry-land farmers. With concerted support from government, and all stakeholders, food security can be enhanced at the household levels. In addition education and extension training are essential for farmers to adopt new technologies. The study suggests that households that need to be targeted for food aid are those with large families, without access to irrigation water, families with few assets, and those without access to agricultural land and implements. Key words: Household food security, rural livelihood, smallholder irrigation, dry-land farming.

Minor pulses are cultivated on a small scale by economically poor farming communities for subsistence food. Currently, these crops are under-utilized or neglected, although they are reasonable sources of protein and can increase food security in rural areas. Research and development is underway to improve the grain quality and increase the productivity of these crops, both of which are negatively impacted by insect pest damage. Synthetic pesticides have proven to be the most effective control agents against all pests of minor pulses which include sap sucking insects. However, considering the drawbacks of pesticide residues in the grain, environmental pollution, and damage to natural enemies associated with synthetic pesticide use, integrated pest management schemes for pulses are being developed. For example, economic thresholds are being developed for pests of green gram (Vigna radiata [L.] R. Wilczek) and black gram (Vigna mungo [L.] Hepper) to avoid unnecessary pesticide applications. The adoption of these integrated practices by farmers in resource-poor communities should improve food security in rural areas. Here, we summarize existing information about the integrated control of pests of pulse crops.

Food security exist when all people, all the times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preference for an active and healthy life. Food security may be analyzed four units at different conceptual level: regions, countries, household and individual. Pakistani people have not enough access to food for their proper nutrition. This study was carried out to investigate the determinants of food security and key issues affecting food security in rural areas of Faisalabad. A sample of 120 household respondents was selected systematically from rural Faisalabad through multistage sampling technique. Study revealed that 63.3% respondents reported that they had faced the problems regarding the availability of all type of food products and 50.3% respondents were satisfied about the quality of food. Almost two third of the respondents i.e. 63.3% claimed that they had not access to access to all type of food products which they want to get. The value of Chi-Square and Gamma showed a significant and strong association between age, education and income of the respondents and their perception about food security. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n4p676

The Global community has made a commitment through the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 to ending hunger and achieving food security and improved nutrition by 2030. However, recent evidence points to increasing hunger and food insecurity in the world. A consortium comprising the World Food Organization (FAO) estimates that the number of undernourished people has increased from 784 million in 2015 to 821 million people in 2018, with around 22.8% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) facing chronic food deprivation. Whereas adoption of indigenous farming practices aligned to local climatic knowledge has recently been touted as a panacea to food crop production, the level of household food insecurity in some regions in Kenya keeps rising. In Lower Nyakach division of Kisumu County, Kenya, there has been a steady decline in Maize crop production over the last five year, with each household receiving approximately five bags of maize from their farms to feed an average of five persons per household each year. This questions the effectiveness of indigenous farming practices in influencing household food security in the area. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of indigenous farming practices on household food security among households in Lower Nyakach Division of Kisumu County, Kenya. Specific objectives were to: assess the influence of indigenous pest control practices; establish the influence of indigenous ploughing methods, and to determine the influence of cultivation systemson food security among households in Lower Nyakach Division.The study was guided by the observation learning theory which depicts learning to be a function of observing, retaining and replicating behaviour executed by others. This was a descriptive research design on a target population of 3756 households. The researcher sampled 10% (250) households which was stratified based on population in each location. Questionnaire was used to collect data from household heads while interview schedule was used to collect data from agricultural officers and CBO/NGO leaders who have been assisting the farming families with inputs. Findings showed that indigenous farming techniques used by the households have determined food security to a moderate extent (M=2.9; SD=1.246) in the area. Pest control (65.6%; M=3.71), method of ploughing (48.3%; M=2.86) and adopted season of cultivation (45.6%; M=2.75) all had influence on food security. It was concluded that pest control being a major determinant of food security, the families in the study area have depended on multiple weeding using hand tools to control pests and weeds as opposed to mechanical or use of pesticides and herbicides. The study recommends that the farming families should be supported with sufficient farm implements as well as pesticides/herbicides. Further research should be done on contribution of farm implements subsidies to local farmers on household food security in rural areas