Abstract
The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, which is a sustainable distributed energy system, has attracted increasing attention due to the associated economic, environmental, and energy benefits. Currently, the enforcement of carbon emission regulations has become an increasingly concerning issue globally. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization model is established to evaluate the CCHP system under two different carbon emission regulation policies in terms of economic benefit, environmental sustainability, and energy advantage. A nonlinear programming optimization model is formulated and solved by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The results from the case studies demonstrate that when considering carbon tax regulation, the cost savings of the optimal CCHP system strategy were on average 10.0%, 9.1%, 17.0%, 22.1%, and 20.9% for the office, supermarket, hotel, school, and hospital in China, respectively, compared with the conventional energy supply system. On the other hand, when considering carbon trading regulation, the optimal CCHP system strategy can lead to a 10.0%, 8.9%, 16.8%, 21.6%, and 20.5% cost-saving for the five different building categories, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal CCHP system strategy for the five buildings, i.e., an average of 39.6% carbon dioxide emission (CDE) reduction and 26.5% primary energy consumption (PEC) saving, can be achieved under carbon emission regulations.
Highlights
With the rise of industry and population in the world, it is estimated that the global energy demand will increase by 37% from 2013 to 2035 [1]
The economic benefit, environmental sustainability, and energy advantage of CCHP systems compared to the conventional energy supply system under different carbon emission regulations were analyzed
The case results showed that the optimal CCHP system strategy can achieve 9.3%, 8.2%, 16.0%, 20.3%, and 19.5% in cost-saving compared to the separate system for the office, supermarket, hotel, school, and hospital without carbon emission regulations, respectively
Summary
With the rise of industry and population in the world, it is estimated that the global energy demand will increase by 37% from 2013 to 2035 [1]. Considering the carbon tax policy, Zeng et al [27] proposed a novel off-design optimization model to study CCHP coupled with the GSHP system while annual primary energy saving ratio (PESR), carbon dioxide emission reduction ratio (CDERR), and cost-saving ratio (COSR) were adopted as a comprehensive optimization objective. To fill this gap in the literature, the economic benefit, environmental sustainability, and energy advantage of the CCHP system for different building categories considering different carbon emission regulations are studied To achieve this goal, a nonlinear programming (NLP) model is established to optimize the CCHP system operating problem. The economic, environmental, and energy performances of the optimal CCHP system are evaluated under carbon tax and carbon trading regulations for five different commercial building categories (i.e., office, supermarket, hotel, school, and hospital) in Shanghai, China. The economic benefits, environmental sustainability, and energy advantage of the CCHP system based on COSR, CDERR, and PESR are analyzed and compared for the different building categories
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
