Abstract
BackgroundThis study identified susceptible loci related to the Yu-Zhi (YZ) constitution, which indicates stasis-stagnation, found in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes and possible regulated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) using docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.MethodsNon-aboriginal Taiwanese with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Components of the YZ constitution were assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. Genome-wide SNP genotypes were obtained using the Illumina HumanHap550 platform. The world’s largest TCM database (http://tcm.cmu.edu.tw/) was employed to investigate potential compounds for PON2 interactions.ResultsThe study involved 1,021 unrelated individuals with type 2 diabetes. Genotyping data were obtained from 947 of the 1,021 participants. The GWAS identified 22 susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms on 13 regions of 11 chromosomes for the YZ constitution. Genotypic distribution showed that PON2 on chromosome 7 was most significantly associated with the risk of the YZ constitution. Docking and MD simulation indicated 13-hydroxy-(9E_11E)-octadecadienoic acid was the most stable TCM ligand.ConclusionsRisk loci occurred in PON2, which has antioxidant properties that might protect against atherosclerosis and hyperglycemia, showing it is a susceptible gene for the YZ constitution and possible regulation by 13-hydroxy-(9E_11E)-octadecadienoic acid.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0761-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
This study identified susceptible loci related to the Yu-Zhi (YZ) constitution, which indicates stasis-stagnation, found in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes and possible regulated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) using docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation
Participants were divided into a high YZ score group and low YZ score group according to the median
The results showed that 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 regions of 10 chromosomes were significantly associated with high YZ scores in the best model, after controlling for age, sex, diabetes duration, and hemoglobin A1c
Summary
This study identified susceptible loci related to the Yu-Zhi (YZ) constitution, which indicates stasis-stagnation, found in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes and possible regulated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) using docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Differences exist between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and conventional western medicine. These differences include the treatment approach (such as herbal medicine and acupuncture in TCM) and the underlying theories. Patients with different constitutions have different susceptibilities, development, and prognoses for certain diseases. According to Huang Di Nei Jing, a textbook of TCM internal medicine written approximately 2,000 years ago, a certain constitution is partially developed from congenital factors [1]. This view is similar to “personalized medicine,” which highlights the genetic background for disease susceptibility. Chen et al reported that allele frequencies of human leukocyte
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