Abstract
e19031 Background: Acute Erythroid Leukemia (AEL), also known as pure erythroid leukemia, is a rare subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) characterized by proliferation of malignant erythroid precursors. It can occur at any age and portends aggressive course with dismal outcomes. Treatment consists of high-intensity chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Outcome data at a population level is scarce. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, a U.S. population-based registry maintained by National Cancer Institute. All cases with histologically confirmed diagnosis of Acute erythroid leukemia during the period of 2000-2019 were included in the study. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. The survival between groups was compared using log-rank test. Results: A total of 968 patients were included in the study. The median age was 68 years (range 0-95). 62% of patients were males. 11% patients were Hispanic and 89% were non-Hispanic (72% white and 7% black). 62.5% (n=605) patients were treated with chemotherapy. Median Overall Survival (OS) for patients with age <18 years (n=50) was 69 months with 1-year OS of 77%. In contrast, median OS for adults with age >18 years (n=918) was only 5 months with 1-year survival of 26.7%. Patients who received chemotherapy had significantly improved OS compared to patients who did not among both adults (Median OS 8 vs 1 months, p<0.0001) and children (Median OS 152 vs 2 months, p=0.004). There were no significant differences in OS based on sex, race, ethnicity and median household income. Median OS for adults diagnosed in 2000-04, 2005-09, 2010-14, 2015-19 was 4, 6, 6 and 3 months respectively with no significant difference in OS between these groups. Conclusions: AEL occurs in all age groups but is most common in elderly. Outcomes are poor with current chemotherapeutic agents, with no improvement in last two decades. This study stresses the urgent need for new investigational agents and treatment strategies. [Table: see text]
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