Survey on national practices regarding iodine thyroid blocking in 2016-2017.

Abstract

Severe nuclear accidents may lead to a release of radioactivity, including radioactive iodine, into the environment. The thyroid gland in the human body needs natural or stable iodine to function properly and this iodine is normally absorbed in small quantities from food. Following a release of radioactive iodine from a nuclear or radiological accident, the body will absorb and accumulate the radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland. This increases the risk of thyroid cancer, especially in children. Since the thyroid gland cannot distinguish between radioactive and stable iodine, stable iodine can be taken to prevent the absorption of radioiodine by the thyroid in the event of a nuclear emergency. This is referred to as Iodine Thyroid Blocking (ITB). In 2017, the World Health Organization published revised guidelines entitled ‘Iodine Thyroid Blocking: guidelines for use in planning for and responding to radiological and nuclear emergencies’. The purpose of these guidelines is to support Member States in planning for and implementation of ITB before and during a radiation emergency. To enable the monitoring and measurement of the impact of a specific recommended intervention, a baseline should be established against which the impact will be measured over a certain period of time. With that in mind, a global WHO survey of national policies on ITB was carried out in 2016-2017. Here, an overview of some core findings of this survey is provided.