Survey of cockpit visual problems of senior pilots : Welsh, K.W., Vaughan, J.A. and Rasmussen, P.G. Dec 1976, 11 pp; abstr in Government Reports Announcements (Report No AD-A037 587/3GA)

Abstract

Abstract : Fifty general aviation pilots (average age 49; range 40-73) completed a questionnaire concerning cockpit visual problems. The results of the questionnaire indicated that proper interpretation of the airspeed indicator and the altimeter required the best visual acuity (48 and 39 percent of the respondents respectively). However, 33 percent reported the attitude indicator, an instrument with relatively few numerals or markings, required optimum visual acuity. Thirty-seven percent of the pilots reported that the engine instruments, usually smaller scale, are difficult to read. Light reflected from instrument cover plates caused visual problems for 32 percent of the pilots, with most difficulty occurring during daylight hours. Forty-eight percent of the pilots reported a delay in focusing from outside the cockpit to the charts and instruments, while 6 percent reported a delay of focusing from inside to outside the cockpit. More instrument readability problems were evident while flying at night than during dusk or daylight. The effects of decreasing focusing power, altered dark adaptation, and need for more lighting are discussed with respect to the older pilot. Recommendations are made to investigate the effects of instrument lighting, vision standards, and instrument design and location with respect to the limitations of the aging visual system. (Author)