Abstract
Surveying a historic building means to measure, to detect and to analyse its geometries, its structural elements, the connections still existing between the different parts, in order to define its state of conservation, to make structural analysis and finally to plan a proper project of conservation, consolidation and reuse. The survey represents the first necessary moment for building’s knowledge investigation. Nowadays, the wide use of tools and accurate surveying techniques makes it possible to achieve an adequate level of accuracy of information related to the buildings; BIM tools offer a great potential, in terms of both planning and evaluation of the entire knowledge and conservation process of an historical building, and in terms of its management and future maintenance. In particular, the BIM technologies allow the communication between data coming from different software, allowing a greater exchange of information between many actors. In recent years, the generative process of Building Information Modelling (BIM) oriented to the digitization of built heritage has been supported by the development of new commands modelling able to integrate the output data produced by laser scanner surveys (point clouds) in major modelling applications. Structural elements, such as vaulted historical systems, arches, decorations, architectural ornaments and wall partitions with variable cross sections, require higher levels of detail (LOD) and information (LOI) compared to the digitalization process of new buildings. Therefore, the structure of a BIM model aimed at representing existing and historical artefacts (HBIM) requires the definition of a new digital process capable of converting traditional techniques used for the management of new buildings to those suitable for creation of digital versions of historical buildings that are unique of their kind. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the ongoing researches and activities carried out on survey and HBIM model of historical buildings.
Highlights
This paper tries to make a synthesis of the different lessons learnt, related both to the positive and critical aspects concerning Historic Building Information Modelling (BIM) (HBIM) feasibility, sustainability and usefulness, and to the challenges of using Historic BIM (HBIM) for restoration and preservation activities
On site management and HBIM as-built updating (LoD500 and LoD500–300). They remain a few open questions: did we manage the paradigm of HBIMs complexity linked to preservation challenges? In other words, can we boost the level of preservation of challenging aspects using BIM tools and interoperability? How to reach this goal in a time-cost-effective manner, encouraging a more systematic use of BIM by the public and private subjects? Which lacks and gaps have to be overcome in the future, besides the BIM modelling issues?
It is possible to argue that one HBIM challenges is represented by the structural analysis and decision-making towards the preservation aims
Summary
This paper tries to make a synthesis of the different lessons learnt, related both to the positive and critical aspects concerning Historic BIM (HBIM) feasibility, sustainability and usefulness, and to the challenges of using HBIM for restoration and preservation activities. The theoretical and practical approach adopted, overcame the current BIM logic, based on sequential Level of Detail (LoD) that is typical of new buildings from simplex to complex (Volk et al 2014; AEC (CAN) BIM Protocol; American Institute of Architects 2013), from the preliminary to the executive design (Nuovo Codice Appalti 2017). This choice was made in favour of the maximum precision and articulated description and representation of each component of the existing building, in order to derive the conservation project. On the lesson learnt from this experience and many others, the process of updating the current codification criteria (UNI11337-2017) started with a draft proposal, stimulating a debate for the future of HBIM adoption
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