Abstract
Developments in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) have transformed the management of male factor infertility and the advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in 1993 was a landmark in the management of the infertile male. While this has been an undoubted success, it has led to a shift away from understanding and correcting the potential reversible causes of male factor infertility, to one that simply overcomes it with assisted reproductive techniques (ART). The aetiology of male infertility can broadly be divided into impaired spermatogenesis, or impaired sperm transport within the genital tract. The most challenging of these is male infertility due to azoospermia, which affects approximately 10-15% of infertile men (2.7million men in Europe). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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