SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER ANTITUBURCULOSIS VACCINATION AND APPROACHES TO THEIR TREATMENT

Abstract

Introduction. One of the main components of the tuberculosis control program for children worldwide, as well as in Ukraine, BCG vaccination. It is proved that high-quality immunization reduces the incidence of tuberculosis by 7-10 times, and infectivity - by 1.5-3 times. However, the introduction of a vaccine, which is a strain of attenuated live mycobacterium tuberculosis, can lead to the development of complications, the frequency of which, according to various authors, is within 0.004% - 2.5%.The purpose and tasks of the study. To study the prevalence, nature of the course and basic approaches to treatment of surgical complications of anti-TB immunization.Materials and methods. A comprehensive analysis of scientific data on the development of complications of BCG vaccination and own clinical observations has been carried out.Results and discussion. Surgical complications of BCG immunization in most cases are associated with a violation of the method of administration of the vaccine, an increase in its reagenosis, a decrease in the immunological reactivity of newborns. BCG-itis are often found against the background of anemia (22.3%) and non-specific inflammatory diseases (4.5%). By localization of the impression of the axillary lymph nodes on the left, 88,2 % were detected, and supraclavicular lymph nodes - 2,3%. Cold abscess - 9.1% of children. Anemia is diagnosed in 22.3% of children. The suppression of the effector unit of the immune response was due to an increase in the ratio of lymphocytes and monocytes in 64.3% of cases. The volume of surgical intervention in complications of BCG is determined depending on the stage, nature and severity of inflammatory changes in the lymph nodes, but treatment in the postoperative period is carried out in accordance with the recommendations of TB specialist.Conclusions. Complications of BCG vaccination are more common in boys (62.7% vs. girls - 37.3%). The calculation of integral hematological parameters of immunological tolerance of an organism allows to timely predict the violation of the status of immunity in vaccinated children with the development of complications. Complications of tuberculous vaccine are increasingly associated with a decrease in the immune reactivity of immunized children, which requires the study of immune protection of newborns both before and after vaccination against vaccination.