Surgical and Non-Surgical Maxillofacial Infections

Abstract

One of the most common infectious processes known to ancient and modern medicine alike, the majority of these illnesses are odontogenic in identity. The majority of these infections can be treated surgically, including drainage, endodontic treatment, and exodontia in order to be controlled without resorting to antimicrobials. Due to the intricate anatomy involved and the potential for catastrophic medical problems even with expert therapy, severe space infections pose a difficult dilemma for maxillofacial surgeons. Because of the proximity of the submandibular and submental areas, infections can also affect several spaces. Streptococcus pyogenes, a Gram-positive aerobic pathogen, was found to be the most frequent organism linked to orofacial infection. Possibly deadly consequences that may appear after MSI include septicemia, airway compromise, cavernous sinus thrombosis, necrotizing fasciitis, and mediastinitis. Deep space maxillofacial and cervicofacial infections should be managed according to certain principles, including immediate and prompt evaluation of the infection's extent based on anatomical location, rate of development, and possibility for airway impairment. Penicillin is still the preferred empiric medication, at least for outpatients, according to recent data on the antibiotic sensitivity of the most frequently identified bacteria of odontogenic infections. With respect to surgical intervention, many surgeons have been shown to favor tracheotomy to endotracheal intubation for maintaining the airway in patients with airway blockage. In contrast to those who receive endotracheal intubation, patients with severe cervicofacial infections who receive tracheotomy for airway support have been shown to have a shorter stay in critical care, experience fewer problems, and pay less overall. After assessing the host immunity, early definite operative therapy is essential for halting the infection's spread.