Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAc) remains a resistant malignancy with dismal outcomes. Even with systemic treatment and surgical resection, 20-30% of patients will experience a metastatic recurrence within six months of surgery. This “rapid recurrence” (rrPDAc) is devastating and poorly understood and contributes to the nihilism surrounding pancreatic cancer. Etiologies of these metastatic lesions include occult synchronous metastases, as well as disseminated metachronous lesions, both of which we hypothesize may be affected by systemic and microenvironmental changes that occur due to surgical intervention. Unfortunately, identifying micrometastatic disease in humans before and after surgery is prohibitive, therefore we developed a preclinical system of PDAc metastasis accelerated by surgery. Metastatic models in PDAc are fraught with heavy utilization of intrasplenic or intraportal injections for seeding. They also frequently rely on immune-deficient murine hosts as well as tumor cell lines derived from metastatic lesions. Here, we describe accelerated induction of metastasis by surgery in an immune competent host.
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