Abstract
Objectives: To develop the microstructures of rod-shaped ZnCo2O4 (ZCOUrea) and hexagonal-shaped ZnCo2O4 (ZCO-NH4F) through the change of surfactants such as urea and NH4F in the reaction and to investigate the physicochemical and electrochemical properties for high-performance supercapacitors. Methods: The structural and morphological characteristics of two prepared samples were analyzed through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, respectively. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Findings: The crystalline nature and phase purity of the as prepared samples were confirmed from XRD, and the structural parameters such as lattice parameter (a), microstrain (e ), dislocation density (d ), cell volume (v), and average crystalline size (D) for both the samples were determined. The SEM and TEM analysis revealed morphological characteristics of the samples. The electrochemical analysis of ZCO-Urea and ZCO-NH4F electrodes were tested for supercapacitor application in 1M of aqueous KOH electrolyte and exhibit an areal capacitance of 31 mF cm-2, and 41.43 mF cm-2, respectively, obtained at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. And also showed outstanding cyclic stability over 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Applications: The simple and inexpensive method of synthesized surfactant-assisted morphological transformation of ZCO microstructures will introduce new directions in this emerging energy field. Keywords: ZnCo2O4; Urea; NH4F; areal capacitance; supercapacitors
Highlights
As the non-renewable energy resources such as fossil fuels become rarer and the increasing demand for energy to meet current energy requirements leads to an intense search for alternative energy sources and the use of energy devices
The electrochemical analysis of ZCO-Urea and ZCO-NH4F electrodes were tested for supercapacitor application in 1M of aqueous KOH electrolyte and exhibit an areal capacitance of 31 mF cm-2, and 41.43 mF cm-2, respectively, obtained at a current density of 10 μA cm-2
The crystallinity of the as-prepared ZnCo2O4 microstructures was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis
Summary
As the non-renewable energy resources such as fossil fuels become rarer and the increasing demand for energy to meet current energy requirements leads to an intense search for alternative energy sources and the use of energy devices. Prasad et al / Indian Journal of Science and Technology 2021;14(7):676689 stressed by the rapid increment in possession of consumer electronic goods and portable devices [1,2,3,4] In this scenario, supercapacitors (SCs) are studied as one of the best-suited technologies for energy storage devices due to their longer cycle life, higher power density, faster charging-discharging ability, smaller size, and safe operation, and eco-friendly characteristics than many other energy storage devices. SCs can be generally sorted in terms of their charge storage mechanism into two classes as electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) in which the charge is stored due to non-faradaic reversible ion adsorption at the electrode/electrolyte’s interface. The electrochemical performance of PCs mainly depending on the size, morphology, architecture of the electroactive material and can be enhanced by using nanostructured materials [8]
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