Abstract
Gold nanoparticle mediated (GNOME) laser transfection/perforation fulfills the demands of a reliable transfection technique. It provides efficient delivery and has a negligible impact on cell viability. Furthermore, it reaches high-throughput applicability. However, currently only large gold particles (> 80 nm) allow successful GNOME laser perforation, probably due to insufficient sedimentation of smaller gold nanoparticles. The objective of this study is to determine whether this aspect can be addressed by a modification of silica particles with gold nanoparticles. Throughout the analysis, we show that after the attachment of gold nanoparticles to silica particles, comparable or better efficiencies to GNOME laser perforation are reached. In combination with 1 µm silica particles, we report laser perforation with gold nanoparticles with sizes down to 4 nm. Therefore, our investigations have great importance for the future research in and the fields of laser transfection combined with plasmonics.
Highlights
The development of novel therapeutic applications includes the research on the delivery of small interfering RNA, proteins and peptides, or DNA [1]
Throughout the analysis, we show that after the attachment of gold nanoparticles to silica particles, comparable or better efficiencies to Gold nanoparticle mediated (GNOME) laser perforation are reached
Gold nanoparticle mediated laser transfection proved to be an excellent tool for the delivery of biologically relevant molecules into cells
Summary
The development of novel therapeutic applications includes the research on the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA), proteins and peptides, or DNA [1]. It is capable of inducing a knockdown of the expression of a gene of interest [1, 2]. A crucial step is the delivery of sufficient siRNA levels into cells [1,2,3]. There are biochemical or physical strategies for the transfection of siRNA into cells. The negatively charged siRNA forms an aggregate with a cationic lipid [4]. This is taken up through the negatively charged phospholipid bilayer. Electroporation, as a physical method, is well suited for the highly efficient delivery of genetic material into cells. In the last two decades, new, alternative transfection techniques to these common methods have been developed
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