Abstract

Surface gravity waves are most familiar form of wave motions occurring at the interface between the atmosphere and water, which we see on ponds, lakes, and oceans. They are mainly wind driven, restored by gravity, and oscillating at a period of O(1–10)s. Shorter waves are also affected by surface tension, called capillary waves. In this article, linear and weakly nonlinear dynamics of surface gravity and capillary waves are described in the context of inviscid, incompressive, and irrotational fluids. Wave-current interactions, resonant wave–wave interactions, parasitic capillary waves, and wave breaking are also outlined.

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