Abstract
Abstract Levulinic acid, being one the most important building block precursors, is of prime importance in a variety of industries. The esters of levulinic acid have significant applications in fields of flavor and fragrance. In this study, surface functionalized SBA-15 was used to immobilize Candida antarctica lipase B for the production of different alkyl levulinates. APTS (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane functionalized SBA-15 was used to immobilize lipase (Lip) cross-linked with GLU (glutaraldehyde) (named SBA-15-APTS-GLU-Lip). Various aspects of the immobilized catalyst were studied including surface area analysis, morphology, stability using XRD, SEM, TEM, and FTIR techniques. Process optimization of the model reaction of levulinic acid and isoamyl alcohol was done for the production of isoamyl levulinate. The highest conversion of 94% was achieved within 2 h at 50 °C. The kinetics was found to obey ternary dead end complex mechanism with isoamyl alcohol inhibition. The results indicate that the synthesized biocatalyst shows high operational stability and reusability up to 4 cycles.
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