Surface and morphological investigation of the electrode/electrolyte properties in an all-solid-state battery using a Li2S-P2S5 solid electrolyte

Abstract

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries represent a promising battery technology thanks to the replacement of the volatile and flammable state-of-the-art liquid electrolyte by a solid electrolyte. Despite the recent progress in the synthesis of sulfide based solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, little is known about the interface reactivity of the solid electrolyte with electrode materials. In this study, we synthesized and characterized an amorphous solid electrolyte with the nominal composition (Li2S)3(P2S5). We assessed the feasibility of using this electrolyte at the laboratory scale, and we discuss the potential challenges that govern its electrochemical performance. Galvanostatic cycling and rate performance measurements were conducted using lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12) as the negative electrode material. The electrochemical measurements were performed using two different counter electrodes, namely Li metal and an InLix alloy. The alloy counter electrode suppressed the formation of lithium dendrites, resulting in increased cycling stability and cell safety. Post mortem X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal the reactivity of the solid electrolyte Li3PS4 with the Li4Ti5O12, lithium metal, and InLix alloy.