Surface alteration of human tooth enamel subjected to acidic and neutral 30% hydrogen peroxide

Abstract

Objectives To investigate the effects of acidic and neutral 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP) on human tooth enamel in terms of chemical structure, mechanical property, surface morphology and tooth colour. Methods Twenty-seven human dental blocks were obtained from premolars and randomly divided into three groups ( n = 9): Group acidic HP (30% HP, pH ≈ 3.6), Group neutral HP (30% HP, pH ≈ 7.0) and Group DW (distilled water, pH ≈ 6.8). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation, microhardness test and colour measurements were carried out before and after treatments. ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were analysed and then the carbonate:mineral ratio (C:M), Raman absolute intensity (RAI), Raman relative intensity (RRI), and laser-induced fluorescence intensity (FI) were obtained for evaluation. Results The C:M, percentage microhardness and percentage RRI of group acidic HP decreased more significantly than those of group neutral HP ( P = 0.02, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively) and group DW ( P = 0.01, P = 0.008, P < 0.001, respectively). Whilst group neutral HP and group DW had no statistical difference in above terms ( P = 0.818, P = 0.528, P = 0.158, respectively). Significant morphological alterations were observed in group acidic HP. Group acidic HP and neutral HP had no significant difference in percentage FI ( P = 0.652) and Δ E ( P = 0.906). Conclusions This study suggested that neutral 30% HP had the same efficiency in tooth bleaching and it caused less deleterious effects on enamel than acidic 30% HP.