Supraglottic Airway-Guided Intubation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Closed Technique.

Abstract

To the Editor During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, minimizing aerosol generation and preventing health care worker’s contamination are essential.1 After failed intubation, supraglottic airway (SGA) insertion, followed by flexible bronchoscopic intubation (FBI) via the SGA (SGA-guided FBI [SAGFBI]), is one recommended option in the Difficult Airway Society difficult intubation guidelines.2,3 We propose a potential “closed set up” version of SAGFBI, which uses an ultrasound probe cover, to form a closed system to minimize aerosol contamination. A manikin demonstration of this “closed set up” (Figure, panel A) is as follows. A disposable 3.8-mm Ambu aScope (Ambu A/S, Baltorpbakken, Ballerup, Denmark) bronchoscope is preloaded with a 6.0-mm microlaryngeal tube. The bronchoscope handle has a connector that allows attachment of the tracheal tube. A CIV-Flex 610-637 ultrasound probe cover (CIVO, South Kalon, IA) is used, which is a 91.5 × 8.9 cm sheath. The distal end of the probe cover is cut off so that it is open-ended at both ends. The bronchoscope is inserted into the probe cover until the whole insertion cord is covered. The proximal end of the probe cover is wrapped tightly against the bronchoscope handle, with the remaining loose cuff twisted into a plait. A small Tegaderm Film (3M Deutschland GmbH; Health Care Business, Neuss, Germany) tapes both the plait and proximal end of the probe cover to the handle, forming an airtight seal. Approximately 10 cm proximal to the distal end of the probe cover, a small slit is created and the patient-end of a filter is inserted. The edges of the opening are taped around the filter, forming an airtight seal.Figure.: Bronchoscope/probe cover “closed set up” and intubation technique. A, The tracheal tube is preloaded on the bronchoscope. Airtight seals are made by taping the proximal end of the probe cover and plait and taping the filter inserted near the distal end. The distal end is cut to allow later attachment to the supraglottic airway. B and C, Intubation with visualization of the inside of the ventilation port and the vocal cords, respectively. The “closed set up” is filled with oxygen. D, Railroading tracheal tube over the bronchoscope and into the trachea. E, Attachment of the anesthetic filter and circuit to the tracheal tube.A size 3 Ambu Auragain (Ambu A/S, Baltorpbakken) SGA is inserted into the airway manikin. The distal end of the probe cover is pulled over the entrance of the Auragain ventilation port and taped to form an airtight seal (Figure, panel B). The anesthetic circuit is attached to the filter, thus forming a closed system. With a gas flow of 6 L/min, and the adjustable pressure-limiting valve fully open, the “closed set up” gently fills up with 100% oxygen. SAGFBI is performed in 3 steps3: (1) bronchoscope insertion into the trachea via the SGA (Figure, panels B, C), (2) railroading the tracheal tube over the bronchoscope and into the trachea (Figure, panel D), and (3) removal of the bronchoscope. The distal part of the probe cover becomes folded in a concertina-like manner, which needs to be intermittently straightened out. The filter is attached to the tracheal tube to complete intubation (Figure, panel E). The probe cover is carefully detached from the filter and SGA. The bronchoscope and probe cover are then carefully discarded together as a single unit. There are various advantages to performing “closed” SAGFBI in a COVID-19 patient. First, the “closed set up” minimizes aerosolization. Second, intubation remains “closed” throughout, that is, from insertion of the bronchoscope into the SGA and the patient’s airway until attachment of the anesthetic circuit to the tracheal tube, unlike other intubation techniques. Third, 100% oxygen can be delivered to the patient by the anesthetic circuit via the filter (Figure, panel B). In addition, ventilation with low airway pressures in a correctly positioned SGA will minimize leakage from the nose and mouth. As proposed by Cook,4 we suggest a 3-stage testing of this idea: (1) bench test on manikin using dye to identify aerosolization, (2) a rigorous human pilot study to test safety and effectiveness, and (3) a randomized controlled trial comparing it with standard “open” SAGFBI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Ambu A/S for the loan of the manikin. Patrick Wong, FRCADivision of Anesthesiology and Perioperative SciencesDepartment of AnaesthesiaSengkang General HospitalSingapore General HospitalSingaporeDepartment of AnaesthesiaDuke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical SchoolSingaporeDepartment of AnaesthesiaYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore[email protected] Wan Yen Lim, Master of Medicine (Anesthesia)Division of Anesthesiology and Perioperative SciencesDepartment of AnaesthesiaSengkang General HospitalSingapore General HospitalSingapore May Mok, FRCADivision of Anesthesiology and Perioperative SciencesDepartment of AnaesthesiaSengkang General HospitalSingapore General HospitalSingaporeDepartment of AnaesthesiaDuke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeDepartment of AnaesthesiaYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore