Abstract
The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. Previously, we cloned Rice Indeterminate 1 (RID1), which acts as the master switch for the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase in rice. Although the photoperiod pathway of RID1 inducing expression of the florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1 via Ehd1 has been established, the alternative pathways for the essential flowering transition need to be further examined. Here, we identified a Suppressor of rid1 (SID1), which rescues the never-flowering phenotype of rid1. SID1 encodes an INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) transcription factor. Mutation in SID1 showed the delayed flowering phenotype. Gain-of-function of SID1, OsIDD1, or OsIDD6 could restore the rid1 to flowering. Further analyses showed SID1 and RID1 directly target the promoter regions of Hd3a and RFT1, two florigen genes in rice. Taken together, our results reveal an autonomous flowering pathway might be mediated by RID1, thereby controlling the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive development in rice.
Highlights
The post-embryonic development of flowering plants can be divided into two major phases: the vegetative and reproductive growth stages
We cloned Rice Indeterminate 1 (RID1), which acts as the master switch for the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase in rice
Our previous work suggested Rice Indeterminate 1 (RID1) acts as the master switch for the transition to flowering
Summary
The post-embryonic development of flowering plants can be divided into two major phases: the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. After a given number of leaves are generated, endogenous genetic factors and environmental signals control the time of flowering [1]. Molecular regulatory networks that monitor the changes in the environment and complex endogenous signals determine the timing of the developmental transition [2,3,4]. Great progress has been made in elucidating the molecular basis for the flowering transition in Arabidopsis, which represents a long-day (LD) plant [5,6,7,8,9,10]. Rice is a leading cereal crop in the world, and a representative short-day (SD) plant for flowering time (heading date) studies. As an important agronomic trait, heading date is crucial for determining the regional adaptability and grain yields [12,13,14]
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