Abstract
To investigate the effects of supplementary UV-A intensity on growth and antioxidant compounds in Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) baby-leaves, three different UV-A intensity treatments (5, 10, 15 W·m−2, respectively) were applied 10 days before harvest in artificial light plant factory. In Chinese kale baby-leaves, supplemental 5 and 10 W·m−2 UV-A (UVA-5 and UVA-10) were beneficial for inter-node length, stem diameter, canopy diameter, fresh weight and dry weight, particularly in UVA-10 treatment, while these above-mentioned growth parameters all significantly decreased in UVA-15 treatment. The soluble sugar content decreased under UVA-5, but there was no significant difference under UVA-10 and UVA-15. Soluble protein contents decreased under UVA-5 and UVA-10, but significantly increased under UVA-15. UVA-10 played a predominant role in increasing FRAP and contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids compared to other treatments. Contents of total glucosinolates (GLs), aliphatic GLs and indolic GLs in Chinese kale baby-leaves significantly increased with UV-A intensity increasing, and the highest contents were found under UVA-15. The percentage of total aliphatic GLs (about 80%) was significantly higher than those of total indolic GLs. Glucobrassicanapin and sinigrin were two major individual GLs in Chinese kale baby-leaves, variation trends of which were consistent with the contents of total GLs and aliphatic GLs. From the heatmap analysis, and taking economic benefits into account, UVA-10 might be optimal for the production of high-quality Chinese kale baby-leaves in an artificial light plant factory.
Highlights
Compared to CK, the plant fresh weight and dry weight of shoot were not affected under UVA-5, while they significantly weight and dry weight of shoot were not affected under UVA-5, while they significantly increased by 42% and 41% under UVA-10, and decreased by 20% and 20% under UVA-15 increased by 42% and 41% under UVA-10, and decreased by 20% and 20% under UVA-15 treatment
The response of Chinese kale baby-leaves growth and metabolism highly depended on UV-A intensity
Our results indicate that UVA-10 was beneficial for Chinese kale babyleaves’ plant biomass and morphology, while UVA-15 inhibited the growth of Chinese kale baby-leaves
Summary
Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) has been popularly consumed in South China and Southeast Asia owing to its important phytochemicals, including carotenoids, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, polyphenols and glucosinolates [1]. Glucosinolates are the vital groups of health-promoting secondary metabolites in Brassicaceae vegetables. Many epidemiological studies indicated that diets rich in Brassica vegetables helped with reducing the risk of cancers and regulated immune and inflammatory responses [3,4]. Chinese kale baby-leaves are one of the forms in which Brassicaceae vegetables can be eaten. They are considered a “functional food” or “super-food” due to their higher contents of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants compared to their mature counterparts. Ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetables have attracted great attentions in consumers and the food industry [5]
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