Supplemental Material for Developmental Changes in Youth Affect: A Within-Person Approach

The transition from childhood to adolescence is a period of social-emotional reorganization involving changes in affect. Most research has examined developmental changes in between-person affect. Few studies have investigated developmental changes in associations between individual emotions and the structure of affective experience in youth across developmental age. This study used exploratory graph analysis to assess developmental changes in emotional complexity using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule administered at three time points from 2007 to 2013 in a three-cohort, accelerated longitudinal design spanning Grades 3 through 12 (N = 682): late childhood, Mage = 9.39, SD = 0.53; early adolescence, Mage = 11.80, SD = 0.67; and middle adolescence, Mage = 14.60, SD = 0.60. Decreases in edge density and entropy and increases in R² were identified across development. In contrast, nonlinear shifts were found for the number of negative edges between affective dimensions and mean absolute error and possible shifts in dimensionality. Results suggest that global network metrics support decreases in emotional complexity from childhood through adolescence, though other indices suggest distinct patterns of change. Implications for research and study limitations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Recent advancements of multimodal neuroimaging such as functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion MRI (dMRI) offers unprecedented opportunities to understand brain development. Most existing neurodevelopmental studies focus on using a single imaging modality to study microstructure or neural activations in localized brain regions. The developmental changes of brain network architecture in childhood and adolescence are not well understood. Our study made use of dMRI and resting-state fMRI imaging data sets from Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) study to characterize developmental changes in both structural as well as functional brain connectomes. A multimodal multilevel model (MMM) is developed and implemented in PNC study to investigate brain maturation in both white matter structural connection and intrinsic functional connection. MMM addresses several major challenges in multimodal connectivity analysis. First, by using a first-level data generative model for observed measures and a second-level latent network modeling, MMM effectively infers underlying connection states from noisy imaging-based connectivity measurements. Second, MMM models the interplay between the structural and functional connections to capture the relationship between different brain connectomes. Third, MMM incorporates covariate effects in the network modeling to investigate network heterogeneity across subpopoulations. Finally, by using a module-wise parameterization based on brain network topology, MMM is scalable to whole-brain connectomics. MMM analysis of the PNC study generates new insights in neurodevelopment during adolescence including revealing the majority of the white fiber connectivity growth are related to the cognitive networks where the most significant increase is found between the default mode and the executive control network with a 15% increase in the probability of structural connections. We also uncover functional connectome development mainly derived from global functional integration rather than direct anatomical connections. To the best of our knowledge, these findings have not been reported in the literature using multimodal connectomics. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.

Selection of initiation sites for DNA replication in eukaryotes is determined by the interaction between the origin recognition complex (ORC) and genomic DNA. In mammalian cells, this interaction appears to be regulated by Orc1, the only ORC subunit that contains a bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) domain. Since BAH domains mediate protein-protein interactions, the human Orc1 BAH domain was mutated, and the mutant proteins expressed in human cells to determine their affects on ORC function. The BAH domain was not required for nuclear localization of Orc1, association of Orc1 with other ORC subunits, or selective degradation of Orc1 during S-phase. It did, however, facilitate reassociation of Orc1 with chromosomes during the M to G1-phase transition, and it was required for binding Orc1 to the Epstein-Barr virus oriP and stimulating oriP-dependent plasmid DNA replication. Moreover, the BAH domain affected Orc1's ability to promote binding of Orc2 to chromatin as cells exit mitosis. Thus, the BAH domain in human Orc1 facilitates its ability to activate replication origins in vivo by promoting association of ORC with chromatin.

Supplemental Material for Developmental Changes in the Primacy of Facial Cues for Emotion Recognition

Supplemental Material for Are Children More Likely to Copy Parents at Home or Experimenters in the Lab? Developmental Changes in Overimitation Between 4 and 7 Years of Age

Supplemental Material for Developmental Changes in Impacts of an Antipoverty Experiment on Low-Income Children’s Structured Out-of-School Time

The present study was designed to examine the postnatal developmental changes of atypically shaped cardiomyocytes (ACMs) prepared from the heart of newborn [postnatal day 1 (day-1)] through aged (12-month-old) mice. ACMs were identified as a novel type of self-beating cardiomyocyte with a peculiar morphology in mouse cardiac ventricles. The cell length of ACMs significantly increased during the first three postnatal months and further increased over the following 9 months. In contrast, the population of ACMs was significantly decreased within the first 5 weeks and reached a plateau in the adult stage. ACMs obtained from newborn and adult mice exhibited similar spontaneous action potentials. The expression of the fetal cardiac gene products atrial natriuretic peptide and voltage-gated T-type Ca(2+) channel Ca(V)3.2 was confirmed by immunostaining in ACMs obtained from both newborn and aged mice. These observations provide evidence that ACMs that exhibit spontaneous beating survive the long-term postnatal development of cardiac ventricles while preserving the expression of fetal cardiac genes. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.

Supplemental Material for Daily Associations Among Hassles, Self-Reported Sleep, and Impulsivity: Developmental Changes in the Protective Roles of Daily Peer and Family Support Across University

Supplemental Material for Developmental Changes in Deviant and Violent Behaviors From Early to Late Adolescence: Associations With Parental Monitoring and Peer Deviance

Supplemental Material for Developmental Changes in Parental Authority Legitimacy and Over-Time Associations With Adjustment: Differences in Parent, First-Born, and Second-Born Perspectives

Supplemental Material for Work Preferences, Life Values, and Personal Views of Top Math/Science Graduate Students and the Profoundly Gifted: Developmental Changes and Gender Differences During Emerging Adulthood and Parenthood

Supplemental Material for The Mindful Adolescent: Developmental Changes in Nonreactivity to Inner Experiences and Its Association With Emotional Well-Being

Supplemental Material for Developmental Changes in the Frequency and Functions of School-Related Communication With Friends and Family Across High School: Effects on College Enrollment

Supplemental Material for A Within-Person Approach to Risk for Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior: Examining the Roles of Depression, Stress, and Abuse Exposure