Supervisor use of artificial intelligence (AI) in email writing: the impact on subordinate burnout

Objective:The relationship of situational (reactive) and personal anxiety in the sample of respondents with post-trauma stress disorder (PTSD) has been considered in the article. The study found that a significant level of situational anxiety and an average level of personal anxiety is observed in respondents with post-trauma stress disorder.Method:The survey and testing of respondents was conducted on the basis of their voluntary and anonymous participation among the staff of public authorities and law enforcement bodies. Clinical, psychopathological and statistical research methods were used in this work. While conducting a psychopathological survey, the Mississippi scale (MS), military and civilian variants, the severity questionnaire for psychopathological symptoms (AFPS), and the scale for assessing the level of reactive and personal anxiety (Charles D. Spilberger, Yu. L. Khanin) were used to determine the qualitative and quantitative parameters. The levels of reactive and personal anxiety were determined on a scale: up to 30 points - low anxiety; from 31 to 45 points - moderate anxiety; 46 points or more - high anxiety. The statistical processing of research results included the calculation of the arithmetic mean value for the quantitative (M) and qualitative (P) indices and their errors (m and p). When comparing the data obtained in groups and subgroups, the Student’s t-test was used, while the correlation analysis of interrelationships - the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. The sample comprised respondents with signs that meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD (ICD-10 DSM-R).Results:The manifestation of the influence of the experienced psychological trauma on the level of anxiety is: an increased heart rate; Blanchet syndrome; a nervous condition; tension of all groups of muscles; feeling a sense of guilt; a feeling of fever followed by shivers; long confusion; insomnia; migraine; uncontrollable anger. The symptoms of anxiety persist and accumulate, at the time of a stressful situation, and after its resolution, contributing to a decrease in performance, fatigue and exhaustion. In addition, the results of the study indicate that anxiety and its level plays an important role, both in clinical findings and in the pathogenesis of PTSD. At the same time, differences were found among men and women. Men with PTSD are characterized by an increase in the level of situational anxiety as the severity of the disorder increases. Women are characterized by a moderate level of situational anxiety, regardless of the severity of the disorder. For both male and female subjects, high indices of personal anxiety are more significant than situational in the development of PTSD of different severity levels.Conclusion:Anxiety and its level, plays an important role both in clinical findings and in the pathogenesis of PTSD. At the same time, differences were found among men and women. Men with PTSD are characterized by an increase in the level of situational anxiety as the severity of the disorder increases. Women are characterized by a moderate level of situational anxiety, regardless of the severity of the disorder. High indices of personal anxiety are more significant for both male and female subjects than situational one in the development of PTSD of different severity levels. The level of personal anxiety in men increased as the severity of PTSD increased. In women, the high level of anxiety increased with increasing severity of the disorder and stabilized with severe PTSD. Most women and men with PTSD are characterized by a high level of personal anxiety. Moreover, the prevalence of women with a high level of personal anxiety in comparison with men is essential with a mild severity of the disorder. With a moderate degree of the disorder, the differences in the proportion of men and women with a high level of personal anxiety are practically insignificant, and in case of a severe degree of the disorder, their proportion levels off, reaching 100%, both among men and women.

Summary. Chronic stress leads to the chronicity of visceral and autonomic disorders, which indicates the possibility of autonomy of somatic disorders and justifies the relevance of this study. Depression, eating disorders and emotional stress make it difficult to control type 2 diabetes mellitus, which requires the intervention of a nurse. The aim of the study – to determine the level of anxiety and its effect on glucose concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on the action of stress factors. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, 30 female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 54–62 were interviewed using the Spielberger Alarm Scale (STAI) (Spilberger, 1983), in particular the Ukrainian-language modification of this scale, who applied for medical assistance to the Starosambir District Hospital. Respondents were interviewed twice: the first in 2021, the second time after the imposition of martial law (February 24, 2022), which was considered a stressor. Results. Under the influence of the stress factor, personal anxiety did not change, while a high level of situational anxiety prevailed (in 22 patients) and a low level of situational anxiety was not detected. Analysis of glucose levels showed its dependence on the level of situational anxiety, in particular, the highest concentration of glucose was recorded at high levels of anxiety. In patients with diabetes mellitus under stress, glucose levels were significantly higher at moderate (10.5 %) and high (12.6 %) levels of anxiety, according to such data in patients with diabetes without stress. Conclusions. Moderate levels of situational and personal anxiety predominate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Under conditions of stress, a high level of situational anxiety prevails, while personal anxiety is virtually unchanged. Under conditions of stress, glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus are likely to be higher at moderate (10.5 %) and high (12.6 %) levels of anxiety, according to such data in patients with diabetes without stress. In type 2 diabetes mellitus some dissatisfaction with life predominates, while the combination of diabetes and stress is characterized by 40 % of some dissatisfaction and 36.0 % of dissatisfaction with life

The article presents the characteristics of heart rate variability among students with different levels of trait anxiety. It is shown that high and medium level of trait anxiety is typical for the majority of the students and is accompanied by increased activity of the sympathetic division of the ANS. Variety of opportunities and strategies of corrective influence of speleoclimatotherapy on the performance of vegetative homeostasis is revealed according to the level of trait anxiety. It is shown that a moderate level of anxiety provides the most efficient adaptive effect of speleoclimatotherapy; and method capacity is limited in individuals with high level of anxiety.

Aim of the research: To investigate the level of anxiety in adult patients with myasthenia.Materials and methods. An in-depth clinical-neurological, immunological (detection of antibodies to acetylcholine and / or muscle-specific tyrosine kinase receptors) examination, testing according to MGQoL-15 scale, and Spielberg-Khanin anxiety scale of 96 patients (56 women and 40 men) with myasthenia (71 - with generalized, 25 - with an ophthalmologic form, respectively) were done.Results. Antibodies to acetylcholine receptors were detected in 57 (80.3 %) of 71 patients with generalized form and in 13 (52 %) of 25 patients with ophthalmic myasthenia, antibodies to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase in 6 (8.5 %) of 71 patients with generalized form. In the case of an ophthalmic form, these antibodies were not detected. In 8 (11.3 %) out of 71 patients with generalized myasthenia and in 12 (48.0 %) out of 25 patients with ophthalmic form of myasthenia antibodies to acetylcholine receptors and muscle-specific tyrosine kinase were not detected.When the MGQoL-15 scale was used, the average quality of life was 10.34 ± 9.4 points (ranging from 0 to 31).In assessing of situational anxiety, a moderate level of anxiety was detected in 44 patients, high – in 24 patients, while the low level of anxiety had 28 people. Patients with an ophthalmic form of myasthenia (class I by MGFA) are significantly more likely to have a low level of anxiety (p <0.05). The moderate level of situational anxiety was significantly more frequently recorded in patients with myasthenia class III by MGFA (moderate form), and high level - in patients with myasthenia class IV by MGFA (expressed form). In patients with a low level of situational anxiety, the average duration of the disease was significantly lower (p <0.05).When comparing the quality of life in patients with myasthenia with the MGQoL-15 scale and the level of situational anxiety with the Spielberg-Khanin scale, there was a significant negative impact of increased anxiety on quality of life (r = -0.24, p = 0.01)Conclusions. The quality of life of patients with myasthenia and the level of anxiety disorders do not depend on the immunological subtype of the disease. The quality of life of patients with myasthenia is largely dependent on the degree of clinical manifestations of the disease. The increased level of situational anxiety reliably reduces the quality of life

Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common congenital chest deformities. For many patients, this defect caused significant psychological stress which occurs in adolescence and lead to anxiety, low self-esteem and withdrawal from social activities, which significantly affects the quality of life. The need of surgery often accompanied by a patient’s psychological trauma, especially for children. Purpose - to evaluate the role of correction of psycho-emotional disorders in children with PE before surgical intervention to improve treatment results. Materials and methods. Assessment of preoperative anxiety in 28 children aged 10 to 17 years was carried out. The Group I included 11 children who were psychologically ready for surgery, the Group II included 17 children who needed the help of a psychologist. Assessment was performed using the Preoperative Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). Psychotherapeutic correction included: information support, relaxation and physical exercises, game and art therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results. After the preliminary survey, most of the children who agreed to the operation had a low or moderate level of anxiety, while the children who needed psychological help had a high level of anxiety. Before psychological correction, according to the results of the STAIC questionnaire, 64.3% of patients had a high level of situational anxiety and a high score of personal anxiety. After completing the course of psychological correction, personal anxiety in 57.1% of children decreased to a low level. Conclusions. Psychological therapy reduces psychological, psychosomatic and psychophysiological symptoms in patients, helps patients prepare for surgery. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. Informed consent of the patients was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

The article touches upon important issues related to measuring the index of the regulatory-adaptive status and adaptive capabilities of students to the educational load in a higher educational institution. Regulatory-adaptive status was determined by the level of students' anxiety. The Spielberg-Khanin technique served as a tool that made it possible to measure the level of situational (reactive) and personal anxiety; measurements of the anxiety level of university students were made at the beginning and at the end of the academic year. According to the results of the study, at the end of the academic year, there was recorded a significant decrease in the regulatory-adaptive abilities of students to the educational load, which contributed to an increase in the level of anxiety, as well as to the redistribution of students in groups according to the level of anxiety: the number of students in the group with a high level of personal anxiety increased, and with moderate level of anxiety - decreased.

Background and aim: Early rehabilitation such as cochlear implantation is an effective way to reduce the negative effects of hearing impairment in children. Parents of hearing impaired children may feel anger, sorrow, guiltiness and anxiety. The aims of this study were measurement of anxiety level experienced by parents of children with CI and comparison between the level of experienced anxiety in parents of children with CI and parents of children with normal hearing.Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 25 parents whose child had cochlear implanted for six months and also 25 parents of normal children. Parents’ demographic data were collected. The Beck anxiety inventory was given to parents of both groups. The results were analyzed according to the questionnaire instructions.Results: Parents’ average age was 32.56 ± 4.4 and 31.76 ± 5.25 in the cochlear implant group and normal group respectively. No significant correlation between parents’ educational level and the score achieved by the Beck anxiety inventory was observed (p > .05). There was significant difference between the scores of the parents of cochlear implanted children and normal group (p < .05). Mild, moderate and severe anxiety levels were observed in 44% of the cochlear implanted children’s parents. On the other hand, 32% had mild and moderate anxiety levels and no severe anxiety was observed in normal hearing children’s parents.Conclusion: This study indicated significantly higher total average and also higher levels of anxiety in the parents of cochlear implanted children. Therefore, these parents’ anxiety levels affected their environment. Therefore, in order to prevent raising anxiety level in families with cochlear implanted child, controlling the environmental factors that affect families’ life should take place. In this way, a cochlear implanted child will have a smoother learning road ahead.

Вступ. Лікування гострого періодонтиту здійснюється після проведення попереднього знеболювання, ефективність якого обумовлена правильним вибором методу знеболювання і його виконанням та значною мірою залежить від психоемоційного стану пацієнта, особливо у підлітковому віці. Мета дослідження. Визначити ефективність місцевого знеболювання при лікуванні гострих періодонтитів у підлітків в залежності від рівня базової тривожності. Матеріали та методи. Для аналізу були відібрані 32 пацієнти, віком від 11 до 17 років з верифікованим діагнозом гострий періодонтит зокрема, 23 пацієнти з високим рівнем тривожності (71,8%), 6 з помірним (18,8%), та 3 з низьким рівнем тривожності (9,4%). Усі патології потребували лікування під знеболюванням із застосування провідникових методів згідно топографії із застосуванням місцевого амідного анестетика артикаїнового ряду, котрий містить артикаїну гідрохлориду 40 мг та епінефрину гідрохлориду 0,012 мг (еквівалентно 0,01 мг епінефрину) об’ємом 1,7мл. У всіх пацієнтів провели оцінку рівня реактивної та особистої тривожності проводили згідно методики Ч.Д. Спілбергера (в адаптації Ю.Л. Ханіна). Зважаючи на рівень базової тривожності визначали рівень больових відчуттів за допомогою модифікованої шкали VAS перед проведенням лікарських маніпуляцій, через 5, 10 та 15 хвилин після проведення анестезії. Статистичний аналіз отриманих даних проводилися на персональному комп’ютері з використанням ліцензованих програм ˝МS Excel 7˝ для операційної системи˝ Windows˝. та стандартного пакету програм «STATISTICA» v. 6.0. Висновки. При лікуванні гострого періодонтиту сильний больовий синдром відмічався до знеболювання у 39,1% випадків, достовірні відмінності між групами порівняння виявлені через 5 хвилин (34,8%; 4,3%; р&lt;0,05), через 10 хвилин (17,4%; 0,0%; р&lt;0,05), та через 15 хвилин (4,4%; 0,0%; р&lt;0,05). Нестерпний больовий синдром до знеболювання відмічався у 47,8% випадків, через 5 хвилин 21,8% та через 10 хвилин 4,4% у пацієнтів без проведення корекції, що достовірно відрізняється від аналогічних показників у пацієнтів після корекції (р&lt;0,05).

High anxiety is the base not only for depression development but also to impulsive aggression manifestation. In the previous study we revealed the differences in neurohumoral status in animals with submissive and dominant behavioral types. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis hyperactivity, the increase in noradrenaline and the decrease in serotonin levels in limbicocortical regions were observed in submissive male rats (high anxiety). Due to these results, we studied the interrelation between anxiety level and aggressiveness index and its components. The research involved 138 participants: 121 young men aged 18 to 22 years and 17 male adolescents within the age range 15-16 years. They were asked to answer Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Eysenck Personality Inventory. The anxiety level was assessed in points. The aggressiveness index, physical, verbal and indirect aggressions were estimated in a percentage of the maximum level. No correlation between the anxiety level and the aggressiveness index was found in whole group of young men. Whole group was separated into three subgroups depending on anxiety level: with high, moderate and low anxiety levels. Strong positive correlation between anxiety level and aggression index in men with high anxiety level and negative correlation between these two parameters in men with low anxiety level were revealed. In last subgroup the correlation was statistically insignificant. In men with moderate anxiety level no correlation between anxiety level and aggression index was observed. This interrelation may be taken into account in anxiety treatment and in the prevention of impulsive aggression manifestation. In whole group of male adolescents no correlation between anxiety and aggressiveness index was found. Obtained data indicate the necessity of participants division depending on anxiety level and using the closed age groups to study the mechanisms of aggression development.

This research aims at evaluating in individuals suffering from panic-agoraphobia disorder without social phobia the presence or not of various levels of social anxiety. The study also evaluates the impact of this symptomatic comorbidity on the efficiency of two modes of cognitive behaviorial treatment, namely an auto-directed treatment and a treatment directed by the therapist. The study attempts to determine if the application of a cognitive behavioral treatment program positively or negatively influences the various levels of anxiety. On the other hand, the study evaluates if levels of social anxiety influences the efficiency of the cognitive behavioral treatment in regards to agoraphobic symptomatology. The sample includes 51 people (26 in a therapist-directed treatment and 25 in a auto-directed treatment) suffering from DSM-IV panic disorder with agoraphobia. The authors observed a relatively equivalent number of individuals with a panic-agoraphobia disorder presenting social anxiety at a weak, moderate and high level for the two groups in treatment. Moreover, the authors noted a significant improvement not only of the symptoms of agoraphobia-panic disorder, but also of social anxiety symptoms. There are less participants presenting high or moderate levels of social anxiety after treatment. The two modes of treatment are equivalent in regards to their efficiency. Finally, results only partially indicate that high and moderate levels of social anxiety possibly have a negative influence on the efficiency of treatment as measured by certain components of the disorder. Consequences related to this symptomatic comorbidity as well as possible explanations of various impacts of the efficiency of the treatment are discussed.

Aim. To study correlation between sleep disorders, cognitive impairment and emotional state in patients suffering from chronic brain ischemia and artreial hypertension. &#x0D; Methods. The study included 65 patients of Kazan City clinical hospital №7: 35 males and 30 females aged 21 to 92. Self-Administered Gerocognitive Exam test, Spielberg-Hanin scale, questionnaire developed by the authors, Pittsburgh sleep quality assessment were used. &#x0D; Results. It was shown that reduced sleep quality in patients with chronic brain ischemia is associated with worsening cognitive impairment. Among responders with poor subjective sleep quality only 21% had cognitive function within normal limits, while in 88% of patients with good subjective sleep quality cognitive function was normal. High level of anxiety was found to cause poor sleep quality. 57% of patients were diagnosed with high level of situational anxiety combined with poor subjective sleep quality and among patients with good sleep quality in only 12% of responders high level of situational anxiety was found. In patients increase of the level of anxiety is associated with more frequent cognitive impairment. Only 38% of patients with high level of anxiety had normal cognitive function compared to 85% of responders with low level of anxiety and normal function. &#x0D; Conclusion. Sleep quality and level of anxiety influence the development of cognitive disorders in patients with chronic brain ischemia.

The study aims to identify Higher Education students' level of language anxiety in the classroom. Moreover, the study also investigated the Higher Education Institute students' level of anxiety in each of the components in English language. 236 students from a Higher Education Institute participated in this study. The quantitative method has been used in this study and a set of questionnaire was adapted from FLCAS that was developed by Horwitz et al. (1986). For the finding, the study found that Higher Education Institute students have moderate level of language anxiety. Therefore, the study also revealed that the Higher Education Institute students have a moderate level of language anxiety in the test anxiety component and fear of negative evaluation component. On the other hand, Higher Education Institute students' have a high level of language anxiety in the communication apprehension component. The current study could help future educators to acknowledge more on language anxiety and help educators to find a good solution for these students.

Competition is an event to measure the ability and performance of athletes in a sport. Many factors can affect an athlete's performance during a race including anxiety levels. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of anxiety of Hasics Swimming Club swimming athletes who will compete in events between students in Surabaya in 2024. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach through sampling. Data is obtained from the results of the questionnaire distribution and using descriptive analysis techniques, namely by calculating the average or mean. The results of this study were overall swimming athletes from Hasics Swimming Club with an average of 53% in the moderate category of anxiety. With details of 8 athletes entering moderate anxiety levels, 6 athletes high anxiety levels and 1 athletes very high anxiety levels. Calculating the statistics of this study seen in various aspects of anxiety such as motor aspects, it is known that Hasics Swimming Club swimming athletes have a moderate anxiety level category with an average score of 16.3 from the highest score of 36. The affective anxiety aspect, showing an average score of 5.6 with the highest score of 12, falls into the moderate category. The somatic aspect of anxiety showed an average score of 15 out of the highest score of 28. As well as the cognitive anxiety aspect, the average score calculation results are 6.3 out of the highest score of 12 in the moderate category anxiety level.

The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is an influence of learning styles, mathematical disposition, and mathematical anxiety on metacognitive reconstruction in mathematics learning and to know how learning styles, mathematical disposition, andMathematical anxietyaffect metacognitive reconstruction in mathematics learning. This research was conducted using theMixed Method. The data processing in this research uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) through the application of the Lisrel 8.80 program. Based on the data and research results, it can be concluded that: 1) there is an influence of learning style, mathematical disposition, and mathematical anxietyon metacognitive reconstruction in mathematics learning; 2) students with goodmetacognitive reconstruction prefer visual learning style and have a high mathematical disposition and low level of anxiety. Students with medium metacognitive reconstructions category prefer kinesthetic learning styles andhave a moderate mathematical disposition and moderate levels of anxiety. Students with low metacognitive reconstruction categories prefer audio learning styles and have a low mathematical disposition and a high level of anxiety.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between dental anxiety and different demographic factors and to determine level of dental anxiety using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Multan Institute of Medical Sciences Dental College, Multan Pakistan, from Sep to Dec 2022. Methodology: We evaluated the level of dental anxiety using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale questionnaire. We enrolled a sample size of 290 individuals from Outpatient Department using a non-probability convenience sampling technique after obtaining relevant permission from the Ethics Review Board of our institution. Results: We found dental anxiety to be influenced by a variety of demographic factors, including gender, age, education and prior dental experiences. As per Modified Dental Anxiety Scale scoring, 112(38.6%) individuals had low levels of anxiety, 103(35.5%) had moderate levels of anxiety while 75(25.86%) had high levels of dental anxiety. The overall Modified Dental Anxiety Scale score was 1.87. Anxiety was most frequent among young patients with males found to have higher dental anxiety than females (p &lt;0.0001). Among the many dental treatment methods, local anesthetic injections were discovered to be associated with the highest level of anxiety. No significant association was found between education and previous dental experience. Conclusion: Dental anxiety was influenced by multiple demographic factors, including gender, age, education and prior dental experiences.