Abstract
The demand for organic food has grown rapidly over the last 25 years in many countries of the world. Organic farming standards require the application of biological products of disease control. The article presents the material on studying the effectiveness of fungicides based on microbiological antagonists against sunflower diseases. We carried out the study in 2020-2021 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) (Krasnodar). We established that the fungicides Geostim Fit type E, WS based on microbiological antagonists did not reduce the germination of sunflower seeds and actively suppressed seed infection. Their effectiveness against Alternaria spp. reached 50-74 %, against Rhizopus spp. – 74–100 %, against bacteria – 76–80 %. Double treatment of sunflower plants with BFTIM, WS (different strains) reduced the frequency of bacterial blight to 37 %, of dry rot – to 60 %, of Alternaria blight – to 39 %, of Phoma rot – to 41 %, and of Fusarium blight – to 75 %. The application scheme of Geostim Fit E (G), WS; BFTIM (E), WS; BFTIM (Zh), WS showed the best economic effectiveness with a seed yield of 3.56 t/ha, net income of 122 910 rubles, and profitability of 311 %.
Highlights
The demand for organic food has grown rapidly over the last 25 years in Europe, North America, and Asia
Each scheme included: treatment of sunflower seeds with fungicides under the trademark Geostim Fit type E based on Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas koreensis, Bacillus subtilis, and treatment of plants at the stage of 2-3 pairs of leaves and at the budding stage with biofungicides under the BFTIM trademark based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
We found that the laboratory germination of seeds untreated with fungicides was lower and at the level of 87 % due to the presence of a seed infection complex, consisting of the fungi Alternaria spp., Rhizopus spp., and bacteria (Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp.) with 34, 15, and 10 % of affected seeds and seedlings, respectively
Summary
The demand for organic food has grown rapidly over the last 25 years in Europe, North America, and Asia. This is due to the fact that organic agriculture is good for the environment, soil, biodiversity, food quality, and food safety compared to traditional agriculture. As defined by government laws and regulations in most countries, prohibit or limit the use of many external factors that are commonly used in traditional agriculture [5]. The standards of organic crop production prohibit the use of synthetic plant protection chemicals (fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators) and basic mineral fertilizers (all sources of N, KCl, and superphosphate), which are commonly used in traditional farming systems [6,7,8].
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