Abstract
BackgroundIn addition to the unstable political situation, Lebanon had experienced a cycle of wars, local armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, and crises (lack of clean water, recurrent power failure, and waste mismanagement, in addition to the growing number of unemployed people, as the number of Syrian refugees has dramatically increased, and led to competition for jobs with locals. All these factors make the Lebanese population prone to mental disorders, particularly suicide, without clear management policies. This study aims to validate the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS), and determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among a Lebanese nationally representative sample of adolescents from 9th to 12th grades.MethodsParticipants were 1810 adolescents who enrolled in this cross-sectional study (January–May 2019), using a proportionate random sample of schools from all Lebanese Mohafazat. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to screen for suicidal ideation.ResultsThe results showed that 28.9% had some type of suicidal ideation [95% CI 26.7–31.1%]. The CSSRS items converged on a one-factor solution, accounting for a total of 85.40% of the variance (αCronbach = 0.966). Higher psychological abuse (Beta = 0.041), child physical abuse (Beta = 0.030), alcohol dependence (Beta = 0.062), social fear (Beta = 0.028), victimization/bullying score (Beta = 0.028), impulsivity (Beta = 0.028) and internet addiction (Beta = 0.010) scores were significantly associated with higher suicidal ideation. Same applies to adolescents whose parents are separated compared to living together (Beta = 0.992) and in females compared to males (0.311). On another hand, a higher age (Beta = − 0.182) was significantly associated with lower suicidal ideation.ConclusionThis study provides insights about suicidal ideation among Lebanese adolescents and related risk factors, such as child psychological and physical abuse, alcohol use disorders, social fear, bullying and victimization, impulsivity, and internet addiction.
Highlights
In addition to the unstable political situation, Lebanon had experienced a cycle of wars, local armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, and crises
Based on the abovementioned facts, this study aims to validate the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale in Lebanon and determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and potential risk factors among a Lebanese nationally representative sample of adolescents from 9th to 12th grades
The results showed that 11.9% of the adolescents had separated/divorced parents, and 28.9% had some type of suicidal ideation [95% CI 26.7–31.1%]
Summary
In addition to the unstable political situation, Lebanon had experienced a cycle of wars, local armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, and crises All these factors make the Lebanese population prone to mental disorders, suicide, without clear management policies. Suicidal ideation prevalence and risk factors Adolescence is a period of transition in the life of a human during which people acquire physiological and psychosocial maturity The changes in this phase make the adolescents vulnerable, as they become more autonomous in their choices and seek to be independent from their families. In 2016, suicide was the 18th cause of death worldwide and the second principal cause of death among those between 15 and 29 years old [2]
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