Abstract
Summary Three clinicians experienced in the use of the Bender-Gestalt independently rated the presence-absence of ten signs relating to depression, hostility, dependency, emotional constriction, and rigidity in the protocols of 34 hospitalized mental patients, half of whom had made an unsuccessful suicidal attempt while the other half had not. Although the ratings of the three sets of judges were statistically reliable for seven of the ten signs, none of these indices distinguished between the groups as predicted. The value of the signs approach and the theory from which the predictions were derived seemed, within the limitations of the study, to be questionable. A counter-argument based on the notion of crisis was presented.
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