Abstract
Strabismus is one of the most common visual disorders in children, with a reported prevalence of 2.48% in preschoolers. Additionally, up to 89.9% of preschool children with strabismus do not have normal stereopsis. Whether this lack of normal stereopsis affects the motor competency of preschool children with strabismus is unknown. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition short form (BOT-2 SF) can be a useful tool for screening; however, its sufficiency as a diagnostic tool for children with various disorders is controversial. The aims of this study were thus to examine motor competency in preschool children with strabismus by using the BOT-2 and to evaluate the usefulness of the BOT-2 SF to identify those at risk for motor competency issues. Forty preschool children (aged 5-7 years) with strabismus were recruited, all of whom had abnormal stereopsis. The BOT-2 complete form (CF) was administered to all children. The BOT-2 CF was administered to all children. The scores of the BOT-2 SF were extracted from the relevant items of the BOT-2 CF for further analysis. The prevalence of children with strabismus who had below average performance in the composites of "Fine Manual Control", "Manual Coordination","Body Coordination", and "Strength and Agility" were 15%, 70%, 32.5%, and 5%, respectively, on the BOT-2 CF. Compared with these results, the sensitivity of the BOT-2 SF was 33.33% (95% CI = 7.49%-70.07%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI = 88.78%-100%). Preschool children with strabismus had a high prevalence of impaired motor competency, especially in fine motor competency. The BOT-2 SF was not as sensitive in identifying motor difficulties in preschool children with strabismus. Therefore, the BOT-2 CF is recommended for evaluating motor proficiency in preschool children with strabismus.
Highlights
Strabismus is defined as a deviation of the eye from perfect ocular alignment and can be further divided into esotropia and exotropia, or less commonly, hypertropia and hypotropia [1]
The prevalence of children with strabismus who had below average performance in the composites of “Fine Manual Control”, “Manual Coordination”,”Body Coordination”, and “Strength and Agility” were 15%, 70%, 32.5%, and 5%, respectively, on the BOT-2 complete form (CF)
One difference from previous studies is that ours recruited preschool children who were only diagnosed with strabismus; none of the preschool children had normal stereopsis
Summary
Strabismus is defined as a deviation of the eye from perfect ocular alignment and can be further divided into esotropia and exotropia, or less commonly, hypertropia and hypotropia [1] It is one of the most common visual development disorders with a reported global prevalence of 1.93% (95% CI = 1.64%−2.21%) [2]. Preschool children with strabismus have abnormal stereopsis [6] and are at greater risk of amblyopia [7], which is associated with abnormal binocular vision [8]. Each of those conditions potentially affects the development of motor competency.
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