Abstract
Sudden death is a major health problem all over the world. The most common causes of sudden death are cardiac but there are also other causes such as neurological conditions (stroke, epileptic attacks and brain trauma), drugs, catecholamine toxicity, etc. A common feature of all these diverse pathologies underlying sudden death is the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system control of the cardiovascular system. This paper reviews different pathologies underlying sudden death with emphasis on the autonomic nervous system contribution, possibilities of early diagnosis and prognosis of sudden death using various clinical markers including autonomic markers (heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity), present possibilities of management and promising prevention by electrical neuromodulation.
Highlights
Sudden death (SUD) is a major health problem all over the world
There is no doubt that the autonomic activity associated with exercise and stress can trigger SUD in individuals suffering from congenital channelopathies, usually presenting normal ECG under baseline physiological conditions
In clinical practice arrhythmias are frequently seen in stroke patients without primary heart disease,[63] and their occurrence correlates to a central increase of sympathetic activity.[64]
Summary
Sudden death (SUD) is a major health problem all over the world. Estimations are that SUD is responsible for one fifth of all deaths.
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